《联合国全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》下的承运人责任基础问题研究
发布时间：2018-10-12 19:02
【摘要】： 全球化已成世界经济发展的趋势,而国际货物运输是对国际贸易提供服务,实现国际贸易全球化的重要环节。世界各国也认识到国际货物运输法律规范的统一也是促进国际贸易全球化的重要保证,因此,为改变国际海上货物运输领域《海牙规则》、《海牙-维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》并存的状况,联合国国际贸易法委员会(UNCITRAL)从1996年开始委托国际海事委员会(CMI)起草国际运输公约,UNCITRAL于2001年第三十四届会议成立了第三工作组(运输法),委托该工作组与有关国际组织密切合作,拟订关于国际货运问题的法律文书,承运人的责任基础是其中重要的问题之一,此外还包括公约适用范围、承运人的义务、承运人的责任期间、托运人的义务和运输单证等。工作组从2002年第九届会议开始审议[全程或部分][海上]货物运输文书草案,于2007年底结束三读并于2008年初对三读草案进行了审订。2008年11月17日,联合国大会第63届会议对联合国贸易法委员会提交的报告中的《全程或部分海上国际货物运输合同公约》(以下简称新公约)进行了审议,并在该届联合国大会第67次全体会议上以大会决议的形式中通过了该公约的文本,在该决议中还决定授权2009年9月23日在荷兰鹿特丹举行开放供签署的仪式,并建议将《公约》所体现的规则称为“鹿特丹规则”,同时吁请各国政府考虑成为《公约》缔约国。 然而,任何一个关于国际海上货物运输的国际公约或国内法,承运人的责任基础始终处于中心地位,它决定着海上货物运输法的基本特征与价值取向。纵观海上货物运输国际公约的沿革,不难发现,承运人责任基础的改变,是海上货物国际公约演变的标志。因此,对于新公约承运人责任基础制度的研究也有助于认识新公约的基本特征与价值取向,从而判断新公约是否适应国际海上货物运输的发展方向。本文对新公约中的承运人责任制度的研究通过以下几个方面展开: 第一部分,介绍承运人责任基础的历史发展。通过这一部分的介绍,可以看出承运人责任基础规定的历史演变始终围绕着船货双方之间的风险分配进行。随着国际社会对国际统一立法的需求不断提高,在不同的历史时期根据船货双方之间的力量对比,分别制订了《海牙规则》、《海牙—维斯比规则》和《汉堡规则》,其中,前两者关于承运人责任基础的规定相同,均采“不完全过失责任制”,但是后者采“完全过失责任制”。 第二部分,介绍新公约对承运人责任基础的规定。新公约采纳了“完全过失责任制”,并在举证责任方面有新的突破,新公约对举证责任的规定有刻意平衡船货双方之间力量的痕迹。 第三部分,介绍我国《海商法》承运人责任基础制度及发展。通过分析我国《海商法》现行的承运人责任基础制度,结合国际上公约的有关规定,探讨我国《海商法》在今后修改中应做的调整。 第四部分,结论。对新公约的评价及对我国的影响。
[Abstract]:Globalization has become the trend of world economic development, and international carriage of goods is an important link to international trade and realize the globalization of international trade. The States of the world have also recognized that harmonization of the norms of international transport of goods is also an important guarantee for the promotion of globalization of international trade, and therefore, in order to change the situation in the field of international carriage of goods by sea, the Hague Rules, the Hague-Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules, Since 1996, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) commissioned the International Maritime Commission (CMI) to draft the International Convention on Transport, which established the Third Working Group (Transport Law) at its thirty-fourth session in 2001, which entrusted the Working Group to work closely with the relevant international organizations, The responsibility of the carrier is one of the important issues in the elaboration of legal instruments on international freight, and also includes the scope of application of the Convention, the obligations of the carrier, the period of responsibility of the carrier, the shipper's obligations and transport documents, etc. The Working Group began its consideration of the draft instrument on the carriage of goods[wholly or in part][on sea] at its ninth session in 2002, concluded three readings by the end of 2007 and reviewed the draft three readings at the beginning of 2008. On 17 November 2008, At its 63rd session, the General Assembly considered the Convention on Contracts for the Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (hereinafter referred to as the new Convention) submitted by the United Nations Commission on Trade Law (UNCITRAL), Also at its 67th plenary meeting, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the text of the Convention in the form of a General Assembly resolution, in which it decided to authorize an opening ceremony for signature in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on 23 September 2009, and recommended that the rules embodied in the Convention be referred to as 鈥淩otterdam Rules鈥，
本文编号：2267264
[Abstract]:Globalization has become the trend of world economic development, and international carriage of goods is an important link to international trade and realize the globalization of international trade. The States of the world have also recognized that harmonization of the norms of international transport of goods is also an important guarantee for the promotion of globalization of international trade, and therefore, in order to change the situation in the field of international carriage of goods by sea, the Hague Rules, the Hague-Visby Rules and the Hamburg Rules, Since 1996, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) commissioned the International Maritime Commission (CMI) to draft the International Convention on Transport, which established the Third Working Group (Transport Law) at its thirty-fourth session in 2001, which entrusted the Working Group to work closely with the relevant international organizations, The responsibility of the carrier is one of the important issues in the elaboration of legal instruments on international freight, and also includes the scope of application of the Convention, the obligations of the carrier, the period of responsibility of the carrier, the shipper's obligations and transport documents, etc. The Working Group began its consideration of the draft instrument on the carriage of goods[wholly or in part][on sea] at its ninth session in 2002, concluded three readings by the end of 2007 and reviewed the draft three readings at the beginning of 2008. On 17 November 2008, At its 63rd session, the General Assembly considered the Convention on Contracts for the Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea (hereinafter referred to as the new Convention) submitted by the United Nations Commission on Trade Law (UNCITRAL), Also at its 67th plenary meeting, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the text of the Convention in the form of a General Assembly resolution, in which it decided to authorize an opening ceremony for signature in Rotterdam, Netherlands, on 23 September 2009, and recommended that the rules embodied in the Convention be referred to as 鈥淩otterdam Rules鈥，
本文编号：2267264
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