海上拖航中拖带方的碰撞责任比较研究

发布时间：2019-01-22 16:12

【摘要】：海上拖航制度作为世界各主要海运国家海商法中一个独立的制度,有其存在的价值和意义。海上拖航制度具有一定的特殊性,当海商法对此没有规定时并不能直接适用一般法律的规定。我国《海商法》专设“海上拖航合同”一章,基本涵盖了拖航合同的主要内容,但对于拖带方在拖带过程中发生碰撞后的责任承担问题规定的并不完善,因此,有必要对这一问题进行深入研究。本文通过四个部分进行阐述：第一部分介绍拖带合同的基本理论以及界定本文的研究范围。其中,拖带合同的基本理论包括概念、与救助合同及运输合同的区别、拖带方的义务及权利。在此基础上,作者将本文的研究范围限于海上拖航中的碰撞责任。第二部分介绍拖带方碰撞责任的初步确定。本部分包括船舶碰撞的概念及构成要件,拖带情况下碰撞的构成,连带责任的合理性分析以及碰撞情况下各方所负担的证明责任。第三部分研究了拖带方责任的免除及限制。在免责的情况下,重点对我国法及美国判例法的免责情形做了研究；而对于责任限制,本章重点研究了中、英、美三国在确定拖带方责任限额方面所存在的区别。第四部分对拖带过程中发生碰撞造成的油污责任进行了简要的阐述。主要依据CLC 1992、《燃油公约》以及OPA 1990的规定,对拖带方的责任主体地位以及油污责任的承担、免除和限制做了介绍。希望通过本文对海上拖航中拖带方碰撞责任的研究,能对海上拖航制度的完善有所裨益,尤其是拖带方的责任限制、拖带方的油污责任方面,同时能对构建我国内陆水域的拖航制度有一定的启发意义。
[Abstract]:As an independent system in the maritime law of major maritime countries in the world, the maritime towing system has its value and significance. The system of maritime towing has some particularity, when the maritime law does not provide for this, can not directly apply the provisions of general law. China's Maritime Law has set up a chapter entitled "Maritime towing contract", which basically covers the main contents of the towing contract, but the provisions on the liability of the towing party after the collision are not perfect, so, It is necessary to study this problem in depth. The first part introduces the basic theory of towing contract and defines the scope of this paper. Among them, the basic theory of towing contract includes concept, difference from salvage contract and transportation contract, obligations and rights of towing party. On this basis, the author limits the scope of this study to collision liability in marine towing. The second part introduces the preliminary determination of the collision liability of towing side. This part includes the concept and elements of ship collision, the constitution of collision in towing case, the rationality analysis of joint and several liability and the burden of proof of each party in the case of collision. The third part studies the exemption and limitation of towing party's liability. In the case of exemption, the author makes a study on the exemption from liability in Chinese law and American case law, while for the limitation of liability, this chapter focuses on the differences between China, Britain and the United States in determining the limitation of towing party's liability. The fourth part briefly expounds the liability of oil pollution caused by collision in towing process. According to the provisions of CLC 1992, Oil Convention and OPA 1990, this paper introduces the principal position of towing party and the assumption, exemption and limitation of oil pollution liability. It is hoped that the study of the collision liability of towing side in this paper will benefit the improvement of towing system, especially the limitation of towing party's liability and the liability of towing party's oil pollution. At the same time, it can enlighten the construction of towing system in inland waters of our country.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D922.294

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