美国反歧视立法和实践于我国的借鉴意义

发布时间：2018-01-01 16:07

本文关键词：美国反歧视立法和实践于我国的借鉴意义　出处：《前沿》2011年18期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在美国,歧视长期以来都是问题,尽管南北战争后从宪法上确立了黑人与白人的平等权,但是对黑人的歧视观念和行为仍然根深蒂固。20世纪60年代,《民权法》反对一切形式的种族歧视、肤色歧视、宗教歧视、性别歧视、国籍歧视等,并由此成立了公平机会委员会执行反歧视立法。歧视与反歧视在美国仍将长期存在。中国面临着日趋严重的歧视问题,从就业领域的歧视逐渐扩展到其他领域。尽管中美两国的歧视有着不同的历史、政治、经济和文化背景,但是通过对歧视的定义和适用类别、反歧视的立法、反歧视的机构以及救济途径的比较分析,美国反歧视的立法和实践将对我国歧视问题的研究和解决提供有意的借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the United States, discrimination has been a problem for a long time. Although the constitutional equality between black and white was established after the Civil War, the concept and behavior of discrimination against blacks was still deeply rooted in 60s of the 20th century. The Civil Rights Act opposes all forms of racial discrimination, colour discrimination, religious discrimination, gender discrimination, nationality discrimination, etc. The Equal opportunities Commission was established to enforce anti-discrimination legislation. Discrimination and anti-discrimination will continue to exist in the United States for a long time. China is facing increasingly serious discrimination problems. Discrimination in employment gradually extends to other fields. Although discrimination in China and the United States has different historical, political, economic and cultural backgrounds, anti-discrimination legislation has been adopted through the definition and applicable categories of discrimination. The comparative analysis of antidiscrimination organization and remedy means shows that the legislation and practice of anti-discrimination in the United States will provide a useful reference for the research and solution of discrimination in our country.
【作者单位】：西南民族大学;
【分类号】：D921;D971.2
【正文快照】： 一、美国反歧视的立法和实践(一)美国的反歧视立法概况早在1866年南北战争结束后,美国就有反种族歧视的立法,比如,美国宪法修正案第14条关于平等保护和法律正当程序的条款,但是这一规定并没有能够得到很好的实施,美国最高法院在之前进行了非常狭窄的解释。①直到布朗诉教育委

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