质询权的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 05:59

本文选题：人大代表 + 质询权　；参考：《湘潭大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：质询权是我国宪法和法律赋予各级国家权力机关的一项重要职权,暗含有对国家机关及其工作人员工作失误的纠察和责问,是一种刚性的“带有一点弹劾性质”的监督方法。充分有效地发挥质询权在实际政治生活中的作用,对于树立我国人大监督的刚性权威和形象及保障国家结构的有序运行具有十分重要的意义。长期以来,质询权在我国的人大制度中很受期待,但是由于制度及观念方面的原因,致使我国的质询立法不尽完善,质询在实践中陷入停滞不前的尴尬境地,显现出无奈、无力、无序、无能的状况,难以形成对国家机关及其组成人员的有效监督,成为一个制约我国法治发展亟待解决的瓶颈难题。2010年,全国人大常委会工作报告首次提出,将就代表普遍关心的问题,向国务院有关部门提出质询。这是监督法生效后,常委会工作报告中首次提出将依法开展专题询问和质询。这种表态,释放出人大将加强监督的信号,质询权的“沉睡”将被“激活”。它的激活,对于“一府两院”来说,有助于增强其履责压力、促进其更好地依法行政和公正司法;而对于人大自身来说,质询制度能有效运行是人大制度向宪政复归的一个重要指标。本文试从权力规制的宏观视角,审视质询权运行的失序与茫然,并通过法律规制的方式对其进行微观矫治与补缺。全文共分三章,各章的内容如下:第一章:质询权的法理解读。主要从法理层面阐释质询权的内涵、性质及其与相关概念的联系与区别,质询权的主动性、强制性、广泛性、有限性特征,质询权的法理基础,以及质询权的纠正施政缺失、构建沟通平台与检验执政水平等基本功能。第二章:质询权法律规制的现状及成因。首先从实体和程序两个方面分析了我国现行法律关于质询权的规制现状及存在的问题,然后从制度和观念两个方面探究质询权法律规制立法现状的成因。一方面,就制度而言,主要是政治体制的障碍和法律修订的滞后;另一方面,就观念而言,主要是传统政治文化之积弊和“重实体、轻程序”法律传统的桎梏。第三章:质询权法律规制的构架及完善。该章首先对中外质询制度进行了比较分析,并总结域外有益经验;在借鉴域外经验并联系我国现行质询制度立法缺陷的基础上,从实体和程序两方面提出具体规制路径,以期能全方位、充分地实现质询权的法律规制。
[Abstract]:The right of inquiry is an important power entrusted by the Constitution and laws of our country to the organs of state power at all levels, which implies the picturing and questioning of errors in the work of state organs and their staff, and is a rigid method of supervision with the nature of impeachment. It is of great significance to give full play to the role of the right of inquiry in the actual political life to set up the rigid authority and image of the supervision of the people's Congress of our country and to ensure the orderly operation of the national structure. For a long time, the right of inquiry has been expected in the NPC system of our country. However, due to the reasons of system and concept, the inquiry legislation in our country is not perfect, and the inquiry is in an awkward situation of stagnation in practice, showing helplessness. The situation of powerlessness, disorder and incompetence makes it difficult to form effective supervision over state organs and their members, and has become a bottleneck problem that restricts the development of the rule of law in China. In 2010, the work report of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress put forward for the first time, Questions will be raised to the relevant departments of the State Council on issues of general concern to the deputies. This is the first time since the Law on Supervision came into effect that special inquiries and inquiries will be conducted according to law in the work report of the standing Committee. This statement, will release the National people's Congress will strengthen supervision, the right to question the "slumber" will be "activated." Its activation, for the "one government, two courts", will help to increase the pressure on them to carry out their duties and promote their better administration by law and fair administration of justice; for the people's congresses themselves, The effective operation of the inquiry system is an important indicator for the return of the NPC system to constitutional government. This paper tries to examine the disorder and blankness of the operation of the right of inquiry from the macro perspective of power regulation, and to make up for its microcosmic correction and deficiency through the way of legal regulation. The content of each chapter is as follows: the first chapter: legal interpretation of the right to question. It mainly explains the connotation, nature and the relation and difference between the right of inquiry and related concepts, the initiative, compulsion, extensiveness, finiteness of the right of inquiry, the legal basis of the right of inquiry, and the correction of the lack of governance of the right of inquiry. Build the communication platform and check the ruling level and other basic functions. Chapter two: the current situation and causes of legal regulation of inquiry right. In this paper, the author first analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the legal regulation of the right of inquiry in the current law of our country from the aspects of entity and procedure, and then probes into the causes of the present legislative situation of the legal regulation of the right of inquiry from the two aspects of system and concept. On the one hand, as far as the system is concerned, it is mainly the obstacle of the political system and the lag of the legal revision; on the other hand, as far as the concept is concerned, it is mainly the drawback of the traditional political culture and the shackles of the legal tradition of "paying more attention to substance than procedure". Chapter three: the framework and perfection of legal regulation of inquiry right. In this chapter, the author makes a comparative analysis of the Chinese and foreign inquiry system and summarizes the beneficial experiences in the foreign countries, and puts forward the specific regulation path from the substantive and procedural aspects on the basis of drawing lessons from the extraterritorial experience and connecting with the legislative defects of the current inquiry system in China. In order to fully realize the legal regulation of inquiry right.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921

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