我国宪法监督权的重构

发布时间：2018-06-25 12:11

本文选题：宪法监督权 + 第四权力　；参考：《西南政法大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：宪法监督是一个宏观的体系,世界各民主国家都有宪法,以宪法规定国家的政治体制和公民的最基本的权利成为通例,宪法监督权简而言之就是监督宪法实施的权力,因而宪法监督由于其监督内容的特殊性从而决定了其重要性。我国的宪法监督制度自建国以来取得了很大的发展,但仍存在相当大的不足之处,宪法监督权在很多方面没有落实到实处,宪法规定的基本权利遭受侵害的情形仍经常出现。伴随依法治国方略的推进,法治观念逐渐深入人心,人民群众的权利意识也不断高涨。因此构建我国的宪法监督制度对于推动法治化进程以及构建社会主义和谐社会至关重要。本文尝试从权力和制度两个方面来构建我国的宪法监督制度。在权力构建方面提出把宪法监督权作为区别于立法权、行政权、司法权功能的第四种权力,以提升宪法监督权在国家权力体系中的地位。在制度上为了保障宪法监督权作为具有不同功能的第四种权力,通过建立一个有权威的机构来行使这种权力,使宪法监督权的实施能有一个发挥长效功能的机制,从而使其发挥实际的社会功效。同时针对宪法的根本法地位,认为应该在宪法监督的过程中引入公众有效参与,以尽可能的发挥出宪法监督的社会效应。本文第一部分主要是涉及对宪法监督理论与宪法监督权的一般认识,通过介绍相关背景知识,与有关概念的对比从而对宪法监督及宪法监督权有一个基本的认识。本文的第二部分先介绍了我国宪法监督权发展的历程,接着在后文指出我国宪法监督权在建设中取得成就的同时存在的一些问题。这些问题的存在是多方面的,包括宪法监督权适用的范围、监督权启动的主体、监督权运行的程序等。本文第三部分试图通过第四权力的表述来加强宪法监督权的地位,明确将其作为区别于立法权、行政权、司法权三权功能的第四权力。通过对立法权、行政权、司法权功能的认识和宪法监督权作为第四权力的必要性论述了宪法监督权的重要性。本文的第四部分从制度的角度来构建宪法监督权,指出在我国应通过在人大常委会下增设宪法监督委员会和在省级及以上法院建立宪法法庭相结合的模式来构建我国的宪法监督制度,以在符合我国国情的同时发挥宪法监督的实效。同时从这两个宪法监督主体的不同特点分别介绍了其处理宪法监督案件的范围、规则和权力。本文的第五部分介绍了宪法监督中公共参与的必要性和可行性,强调宪法监督应通过引入公共参与才能使宪法监督发挥最佳社会实效,增强其社会适应性。同时对公共参与宪法监督过程的方式提出了建议。
[Abstract]:Constitutional supervision is a macro system. Every democratic country in the world has a constitution. It is a general rule that the constitution stipulates the political system of the state and the most basic rights of citizens. In short, the power of constitutional supervision is the power to supervise the implementation of the constitution. Therefore, the constitutional supervision determines its importance because of the particularity of its supervisory content. China's constitutional supervision system has made great progress since the founding of the people's Republic of China, but there are still considerable deficiencies. The constitutional supervision power has not been implemented in many aspects, and the basic rights stipulated in the Constitution are still violated. With the advance of the strategy of governing the country according to law, the concept of rule of law has gradually taken root in the people's heart, and the people's consciousness of right is also rising. Therefore, it is very important to construct the constitutional supervision system in order to promote the process of ruling by law and build a harmonious socialist society. This paper tries to construct our constitutional supervision system from power and system. In the aspect of power construction, it is proposed that the power of constitutional supervision should be regarded as the fourth kind of power, which is different from the functions of legislative power, executive power and judicial power, in order to promote the position of constitutional supervisory power in the system of state power. In order to guarantee the power of constitutional supervision as the fourth kind of power with different functions, through establishing an authoritative organization to exercise this power, the implementation of the power of constitutional supervision can have a mechanism that can play a long-lasting function. So that it can play a practical social effect. At the same time, in view of the fundamental law status of the constitution, the author thinks that the public participation should be introduced in the process of constitutional supervision, so as to exert the social effect of constitutional supervision as much as possible. The first part of this paper is mainly concerned with the general understanding of the theory of constitutional supervision and the power of constitutional supervision. By introducing the relevant background knowledge and comparing with the relevant concepts, there is a basic understanding of constitutional supervision and the power of constitutional supervision. The second part of this paper first introduces the course of the development of the constitutional supervision power in our country, and then points out some problems existing in the construction of the constitutional supervision power in our country at the same time. These problems exist in many aspects, including the scope of the application of the constitutional supervision power, the subject of the supervision power to start, the procedure of the supervision power operation and so on. The third part of this paper attempts to strengthen the position of the constitutional supervisory power through the expression of the fourth power, and explicitly regards it as the fourth power which is different from the three functions of the legislative power, the executive power and the judicial power. The importance of the power of constitutional supervision is discussed through the understanding of the functions of the legislative, executive and judicial powers and the necessity of the constitutional supervisory power as the fourth power. It is pointed out that the constitution supervision system of our country should be constructed by establishing the constitution supervision committee under the standing committee of the people's Congress and the constitution court at the provincial level and above. In line with China's national conditions at the same time the effectiveness of constitutional supervision. At the same time, it introduces the scope, rules and powers of handling cases of constitutional supervision from the different characteristics of the two subjects. The fifth part of this paper introduces the necessity and feasibility of public participation in constitutional supervision, and emphasizes that constitutional supervision should introduce public participation in order to make constitutional supervision exert the best social effect and enhance its social adaptability. At the same time, some suggestions are put forward on the way of public participation in the process of constitutional supervision.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：D921

【参考文献】