欧洲宪政的扩展意义:发生学与类型学的审视

发布时间：2018-06-25 23:07

本文选题：欧洲宪政 + 扩展意义　；参考：《学海》2013年02期

【摘要】：现代国家的宪政制度安排,起源和规范于欧洲。从发生学视角看,欧洲宪政在发生阶段,经历了古典时代希腊理性、罗马民法和基督教政教互动的三重因素的塑造。在古典宪政精神和制度安排的基础上,宪政的欧洲落定,则是由于市场经济的勃兴引发的各种革命。但从类型学的视角看,欧洲宪政的兴起条件,并不构成欧洲以外的国家建构宪政制度的刚性约束——从最强约束的角度讲,理性精神、法治体系与信仰机制,是构成欧洲以外宪政制度建构的必须条件;从最弱的角度讲,理智诉求、规则习性和德性传统,构成欧洲以外国家建构宪政制度的起码前提。任何欧洲之外的国家建构宪政制度,在这两者之间,可以有相当不同的政治理念与政治制度匹配方案。美国的成功属于强势约束的范例。日本的成功属于弱势影响的典型。对于中国来讲,完全可以开辟出不同于美国和日本的、建构宪政制度的崭新道路。但这种开创性的宪政建构,不能弱于弱势的宪政模仿类型,当然也无法指望它强于强势的宪政移植个案。不过起码的宪政要件是不可或缺的:私人权利、公权限制、分权体制、法治体系。除此之外,人们是无法建立起中国是否成为现代宪政民主国家的辨识框架体系的。
[Abstract]:The constitutional system of modern countries originated and regulated in Europe. From the perspective of genomics, European constitutionalism has experienced three factors of interaction between Greek rationality, Roman civil law and Christianity in the classical era. On the basis of the spirit of classical constitutionalism and institutional arrangement, the European decision of constitutionalism is caused by various revolutions caused by the flourishing of market economy. From the perspective of typology, however, the conditions for the rise of European constitutionalism do not constitute rigid constraints for the construction of constitutionalism in countries outside Europe-from the strongest constraint point of view, the rational spirit, the system of rule of law and the belief mechanism. It is the necessary condition to construct constitutionalism system outside Europe, and from the weakest point of view, rational appeal, rule habit and virtue tradition constitute the basic premise of constructing constitutionalism system in countries outside Europe. In any country outside Europe to construct constitutional system, there can be quite different political ideas and political system matching scheme between the two. America's success is an example of strong restraint. Japan's success is typical of its weak influence. For China, it can open up a new way to construct constitutionalism system, which is different from America and Japan. But this kind of pioneering constitutionalism construction cannot be weaker than the weak constitutionalism imitation type, and certainly cannot expect it to be stronger than the strong constitutionalism transplant case. But the minimum constitutional elements are essential: private rights, restrictions on public power, separation of powers, and the rule of law. Beyond that, it is impossible to establish an identification framework for whether China is a modern constitutional democracy.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学政治学系;中山大学政务学院;
【分类号】：D911

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