宪法视域下非法证据排除规则的价值实现

发布时间：2018-07-04 16:48

本文选题：宪法 + 非法证据排除规则　；参考：《延边大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：从美国宪法派生的非法证据排除规则,在刑事诉讼中,是使公民的宪法权利不受侵犯的重要保证。2012年,中国的新《刑事诉讼法》颁布,以法律的形式确立了非法证据排除规则。这不仅是“尊重和保障人权’’这一宪法价值的具体和法律化,也是宪法价值在刑事程序法上的职能延伸。本文拟将非法证据排除规则置于“人权保障”这一宪法的学术领域下,探讨和分析了非法证据排除规则提出的宪法历史渊源,宪法理论基础。进而,将结合中国的目前的立法司法现状,通过司法实践,提出适合我国现状的、能够充分实现宪法价值的、完善我国非法证据排除规则的建议。本文分为六章：第一章为绪论,从问题提出的背景入手,指出了从人权宪法角度探讨非法证据排除规则的价值的重要性,同时了概述了本文的研究意义、研究方法、解决问题的思路,为正文的写作奠定了可行性的铺垫。第二章主要探讨非法证据排除规则和宪法之间的密切联系,作为后文对文章主线论述的切入点。从非法证据排除规则的概念入手,阐述非法证据排除规则诞生的宪法背景,通过简要介绍非法证据排除规则在美国的诞生与发展的曲折历程,可以看出这一历程实际是对宪法价值与精神的追寻与实践过程。接下来研究了非法证据排除规则本身具有的宪法理论基础,包括美国宪法修正案为非法证据排除规则提供了权利依据、以“震慑理论”为代表的非法证据排除规则所依靠的宪法理论基础,从而总结出适用非法证据排除规则的宗旨是全面贯彻宪法的内容,因此,非法证据排除规则在实现宪法价值方面有着重要的体现；其次,深入分析非法证据排除规则的宪法价值,从概述刑事司法的宪法价值开始引入非法证据排除规则的价值定位标准,具体展现了非法证据排除规则在宪政价值和人权保障价值两方面。第三章探讨了我国法律体系下的非法证据排除规则,分别总结了我国宪法公民基本权利及我国刑事诉讼立法中在非法证据排除规则方面的相关突破与进展。这其中又聚焦在2013年新《刑事诉讼法》的“人权入法”、非法证据排除规则立法突破的具有典型宪法意义的立法进展上。为后文提出实现宪法价值的、适合我国国情的非法证据排除规则的立法及司法建议作出铺垫。第四章是我国非法证据排除规则在实践方面的宪法效果探讨,通过笔者收集的真实案例来深入剖析我国目前在非法证据排除方面出现的实践问题、在人权保障方面的漏洞,并分析产生当前人权贯彻不能的原因,主要包括脱离宪法价值理念的传统刑事司法理念影响、人权保障方面立法不足两大方面。第五章是对前面内容的升华,即探讨如何实现非法证据排除规则的宪法价值,在宪法视角下提出完善我国非法证据排除规则的方向。首先,应该重塑我国的刑事法治理念,使之与宪法切合一致,脱离长久以来忽视人权保障、重实体轻程序的传统司法理念,转换思维；其次,提出实现宪法价值的立法构想；最后结合现状,提出与世界接轨的司法建议。
[Abstract]:The exclusionary rule of illegal evidence derived from the constitution of the United States is an important guarantee for the inviolability of citizens' constitutional rights in criminal proceedings in.2012 years. The new law of criminal procedure in China has been promulgated in the form of law, which is not only the specific and law of the constitutional value of "respecting and protecting human rights". In this paper, the author intends to put the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in the academic field of the constitution of "protection of human rights", and discusses and analyzes the historical origin of the Constitution and the theoretical basis of the constitution of the illegal evidence exclusion, and then, through the current legislative and judicial status of China, will pass through the current legislative and judicial status of China. In the judicial practice, we put forward suggestions that are suitable for China's current situation, which can fully realize the value of constitution and improve the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in China.
This article is divided into six chapters.
The first chapter is the introduction, starting with the background of the problem, pointing out the importance of discussing the value of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence from the angle of human rights constitution. At the same time, it outlines the significance of the study, the method of research and the thinking of solving the problem, which lays a feasible paving for the writing of the text.
The second chapter mainly discusses the close connection between the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence and the constitution, which is the starting point for the main line of the article. Starting with the concept of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, this paper expounds the constitutional background of the birth of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, and briefly introduces the zigzag calendar of the birth and development of the illegal evidence exclusionary rule in the United States. It can be seen that this course is actually a process of pursuing and practicing the value and spirit of the constitution, and then studies the constitutional basis of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence itself, including the rights basis of the amendment of the constitution of the United States for the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, and the exclusionary rule of the illegal evidence represented by the "theory of shock". According to the basis of the constitutional theory, the purpose of the rule of exclusionary rule is to fully implement the content of the constitution. Therefore, the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence has an important embodiment in the realization of the constitutional value. Secondly, the constitutional value of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence is analyzed, and the constitutional value of the criminal justice is introduced. The value orientation standard of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence shows the two aspects of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in the constitutional value and the protection value of human rights.
The third chapter discusses the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence under the legal system of our country, and summarizes the breakthroughs and progress of the basic rights of the citizens in our constitution and the rule of exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in our country's criminal procedure legislation, which also focuses on the "human rights law" in the new law of criminal procedure in 2013, and the rule of exclusionary rule of illegal evidence. The legislative progress of the law breakthroughs with typical constitutional significance is paving the way for the latter to put forward the legislative and judicial suggestions for the realization of the constitutional value and the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, which is suitable for the national conditions of our country.
The fourth chapter is the discussion of the constitutional effect in the practice of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in our country. Through the real cases collected by the author, we will deeply analyze the current problems in the practice of the exclusion of illegal evidence in our country, the loopholes in the protection of human rights, and analyze the reasons why the current human rights can not be penetrated, mainly including the separation of constitutional values. The traditional concept of criminal justice affects the concept of human rights, and the legislation of human rights protection is insufficient in two aspects.
The fifth chapter is the sublimation of the previous content, that is to discuss how to realize the constitutional value of the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, and to put forward the direction of perfecting the rule of exclusionary rule of illegal evidence in our country. First, we should reshape our country's criminal rule of law concept, make it consistent with the constitution, disregard the long-term neglect of human rights protection, and make a serious and light procedure. Secondly, it puts forward the legislative conception of realizing the constitutional value; finally, combining with the present situation, it puts forward judicial proposals that are in line with the world.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D921;D925.2

【参考文献】