村民自治本质之研讨

发布时间：2018-07-06 18:26

本文选题：村民自治 + 地方自治　；参考：《甘肃政法学院》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：村民自治制度是我国基层民主的一种表现形式,作为我国民主政治的基石,村民自治制度设计的优劣直接关系到我国民主政治建设的成败,但是目前学界对于村民自治本质的认识陷入了一个误区,即当前学界普遍认为村民自治属于公法范畴,进而陷入了依赖公法途径对村民自治进行研究的困境。本选题拟从私法的角度对村民自治制度设计的初衷和治理结构进行深入剖析,进而得出村民自治私法属性的一面,即村民自治在本质上应为团体自治之一种。本文对于村民自治的研究从私法的角度入手,以一个不同的视角还原村民自治的本质,这将为村民自治的进一步深入研究提供理论支撑,并且为将来我国村民自治的立法提供有益借鉴。另外,本选题通过村民自治制度的重构部分,对村民自治组织的架构重新设计,以适应农村自治组织的多样化发展的要求,力求最大限度的保护农村各自治主体的利益。现行立法将村民委员会所管理的事务限定为“本村公共事务”,如此,依赖公法路径而研究的村民自治径直采纳了管理国家事务的人民主权理论而设计村民委员会制度,村民委员会也就替代了原政社合一体制下的生产大队的功能。实务中的村民委员会处于村级政府的地位,负责管理所有农村事务。但现实中的农村公共事务却表现为多样性,农民往往通过设立相应的村民组织管理不同的农村事务,所以,处于全面管理本村所有社会事务的村民委员会备受争议,村民参与选举村农民委员会组成人员的积极性较低,致使《村民委员会组织法》的实施也不尽如人意。受公法路径研究的影响,村民委员会内部纠纷的救济途径往往寻求公法上的救济,且主要表现为以行政诉讼为手段,但村民委员会不是国家机关,并不行使行政权力,因此通过行政途径解决村民委员会内部纠纷也就欠缺理论依据,加之现行立法关于村民组织内部纠纷并无明确的规定,诸多纠纷无法通过司法途径予以救济,导致村民往往通过群体性上访甚至采取静坐、示威、聚众闹事等方式寻求解决途径,显然,此种现状既不利于村民利益的保护,更不利于农村社会的稳定。
[Abstract]:The villager autonomy system is a kind of expression form of our country's grass-roots democracy. As the cornerstone of our country's democratic politics, the design of villagers' autonomy system is directly related to the success or failure of our country's democratic political construction. However, the understanding of the nature of villager autonomy has fallen into a misunderstanding, that is, it is generally believed that villager autonomy belongs to the category of public law, and then falls into the predicament of relying on public law to study villagers' autonomy. From the point of view of private law, this paper analyzes deeply the original intention and governance structure of villager autonomy system design, and then draws a conclusion that villager autonomy should be one kind of group autonomy in essence. In this paper, the study of villager autonomy from the perspective of private law, with a different perspective to restore the essence of villager autonomy, which will provide theoretical support for further in-depth study of villager autonomy. And provide useful reference for future legislation of villager autonomy in our country. In addition, through the reconstruction of the villagers' autonomy system, this paper redesigns the structure of the villagers' autonomous organizations to meet the requirements of the diversified development of the rural autonomous organizations, and strive to maximize the protection of the interests of the respective subjects of rural governance. The current legislation limits the affairs managed by the villagers' committee to "the public affairs of the village". Thus, the villagers' autonomy, which depends on the path of public law, directly adopts the theory of the people's sovereignty to manage the affairs of the state and designs the system of the villagers' committee. Villagers' committees also replaced the functions of production brigades under the system of integration of government and society. In practice, the villagers' committee is in the position of the village government and is responsible for managing all rural affairs. However, in reality, the rural public affairs are diverse, and farmers often manage different rural affairs by setting up corresponding villagers' organizations. Therefore, the villagers' committees, which are in the overall management of all social affairs in their own villages, are controversial. The villagers' enthusiasm to participate in the election of the members of the village farmers' committee is low, so the implementation of the Organic Law of the Village Committee is not satisfactory. Influenced by the research of the path of public law, the remedy way of the dispute within the villagers' committee often seeks the relief in the public law, and the main way is to take the administrative lawsuit as the means, but the villagers' committee is not the state organ, and does not exercise the administrative power. Therefore, there is a lack of theoretical basis for resolving disputes within villagers' committees through administrative means, and there is no clear provision in current legislation on disputes within villagers' organizations, and many disputes cannot be remedied through judicial channels. As a result, villagers often seek a solution through group petition or even sit-ins, demonstrations, rallies, and so on. Obviously, this situation is not conducive to the protection of villagers' interests, but also to the stability of rural society.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃政法学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D921.8

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