完善我国人大制度的几个问题

发布时间：2018-07-06 10:11

本文选题：人民代表大会制度 + 最高国家权力　；参考：《辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014年03期

【摘要】：我国人大制度已经运行了60年。理性地看,人大制度和人大运行,特别是宪法实施中还存在着一些问题。归根结底,在于对人大制度的根本性质、其权力位阶、其与人民、选民、执政党、政府之间的关系尚未理清。依照宪法,人大是最高国家权力机关,但人民是最高权力主体,人大(及其代表)应当对人民负责、受人民监督;人大的运行,依据民主选举基础上的权力集中制,而不是"议行合一",人大行使国家立法权,不能直接包办行政权力或者干预司法权力。而事实上,宪法所确认的人大权力还没有完全到位;执政党的领导权不能取代人大的决定权和监督权;为避免"自己监督自己",应当减少人大代表中党员官员的构成比例,同时,人大立法的重心应调整到政治立法、人权与权利立法方面。
[Abstract]:The National people's Congress system has been in operation for 60 years. From a rational point of view, there are still some problems in the system and operation of the NPC, especially in the implementation of the Constitution. In the final analysis, the basic nature of the NPC system, its power level, its relationship with the people, voters, the ruling party and the government has not been clarified. According to the Constitution, the people's Congress is the supreme organ of state power, but the people are the supreme power subject, and the people's Congress (and its representatives) shall be accountable to and subject to supervision by the people; the operation of the people's Congress shall be based on the centralism of power on the basis of democratic elections. The National people's Congress exercises the state legislative power and cannot directly arrange administrative power or interfere with judicial power. In fact, the power of the people's Congress as recognized by the Constitution has not yet been fully implemented; the leadership of the ruling party cannot replace the power of decision and supervision of the people's Congress; in order to avoid "self-supervision of oneself," the proportion of party members and officials among the deputies to the people's Congress should be reduced. At the same time, the focus of NPC legislation should be adjusted to political legislation, human rights and rights legislation.
【作者单位】：北京大学法学院;
【分类号】：D921

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