农村集体经济组织收益分配制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 12:59

本文选题：农村集体经济组织 + 成员　；参考：《南京农业大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：农村集体经济组织收益的分配,涉及我国广大农民的基本权益,关系到农村社会的和谐稳定。农村集体经济组织作为分配中占据主导地位的主体,是指依法由一定范围的成员组成的,以集体所有的土地作为基本生产资料,主要从事农业生产经营,其产权和收益归属于全体集体成员,并且通过一定民主管理程序可以使全体集体成员行使合法正当权利的社会经济组织。农村集体经济组织成员作为收益分配制度中分配接受主体,其直接占有及支配集体收益,其资格的确定最终是为了使其能够得到经济利益。由集体经济组织收益分配主体、客体及二者在分配过程中所产生的分配关系最终构成了经济法意义上的农村集体经济组织收益分配制度。而收益分配制度能够通过对权利义务的配置,调整分配关系。分配权作为集体成员权项下的一项重要权利,是集体成员为了实现其基本利益,按照既定收益分配规则、方案和流程,对可供分配的集体收益进行划分与配给的权利。分配权的行使最终决定集体成员能否享有集体收益,能否维护自身的合法权益。农村集体经济组织形成于特殊环境,经过了社会转型,其分配方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。因此,对集体经济组织收益分配方式的变革与发展应有一定的认识。在此基础上,得到的经验与教训必将对集体经济组织收益分配制度的制定有启示意义。农村集体经济组织收益分配制度调整的是一种利益关系,其中必然会出现利益的冲突。集体成员资格的标准缺乏明确的法律规定,实践中认定成员资格的标准也不尽统一,认定成员资格也是由执行分配的村民委员会来确定；经过民主程序的分配方案往往排斥特殊群体参与分配；对集体经济组织成员分配权益的法律救济也非常薄弱,导致成员的合法利益无法得到法律的保障,大量的矛盾累积在基层,最终将不利于社会的安定和谐。引起农村集体经济组织收益分配矛盾集中爆发的原因具有多元性：受我国早期计划体制的影响,政策的主导性深入人心,导致城乡二元制经济、社会、法律体系的形成；经济的发展带来巨额利益,而集体产权不明晰导致集体收益分配权责不明,使真正享有集体所有权及使用权的主体权利虚化；我国作为一个拥有深厚历史文化的国家,在短时期内基层社会的乡土性不会有质的改变,这些传统思想及乡土特性都给农民的心理习惯带来深刻的影响；由于法律自身就存在着局限性,法律规范也存在着冲突与疏漏,导致在化解集体经济组织收益分配纠纷时面临无法可依的局面,而法官的自由裁量权的限制更是阻碍了法律发挥“定纷止争”的作用。对农村集体经济组织收益分配进行研究,旨在为完善收益分配制度,充分保护集体成员的合法权益,促进农村集体经济组织的可持续发展提供建议。首先,要在立法理念上确立分配正义的原则,促使集体经济组织收益分配各主体之间形成和谐的利益关系；其次,要明晰集体经济组织的产权,重塑集体经济组织的法律地位,重构农村集体经济组织成员的资格标准,并确立集体经济组织收益分配原则及流程,以期分配关系在集体经济组织内部就能够实现正义和谐；再次,为了防止行使分配职能的主体异变为侵犯集体成员权益的主体,基层政府及农村集体资产管理部门应在尊重集体经济组织自治的基础上,当对收益分配过程实行外部监督；此外,司法程序作为集体成员权利保护的最后一道屏障,应充分发挥其救济作用；最后,调解、和解、仲裁等非诉方式在化解农村纠纷中有着极大的优势,因此,应当为其充分发挥作用提供必要的法律保障。
[Abstract]:The distribution of the income of the rural collective economic organizations involves the basic rights and interests of the peasants in our country and the harmony and stability of the rural society. As the dominant part of the distribution, the rural collective economic organization is composed of a certain range of members according to law, taking the collective land as the basic production data and mainly engaged in agriculture. A social and economic organization whose property rights and profits belong to all collective members and can make all members of the collective exercise legitimate and legitimate rights through certain democratic management procedures. The members of the rural collective economic organization are assigned as the subject of acceptance in the income distribution system, which directly occupies and dominates collective income, and its qualification is determined. In the end, the income distribution system of the collective economic organization, the subject of the income distribution of the collective economic organization, the object and the two parties in the distribution process eventually forms the income distribution system of the rural collective economic organization in the sense of economic law, and the income distribution system can pass through the allocation of rights and obligations and adjust the distribution relationship. As an important right under collective membership right, distribution right is the right of the collective members to divide and distribute the distributable collective income in order to realize their basic interests, according to the established income distribution rules, plans and processes. The exercise of the right of distribution ultimately determines whether collective members enjoy collective income and can maintain their own. Legal rights and interests.
The rural collective economic organization is formed in the special environment, after the transformation of the society, its distribution mode has undergone tremendous changes. Therefore, the reform and development of the income distribution mode of the collective economic organization should be recognized. On this basis, the experience and lessons obtained will surely have the formulation of the income distribution system of the collective economic organization. Apocalypse.
The adjustment of the income distribution system of the rural collective economic organization is a kind of interest relation, which inevitably leads to the conflict of interest. The standard of collective membership lacks clear legal provisions. In practice, the standard of membership qualification is also not unified, and the membership qualification is determined by the villager committee assigned by the executive. The program distribution scheme often excludes special groups to participate in distribution; the legal remedies for the distribution of rights and interests of the members of the collective economic organizations are also very weak, which leads to the legal benefits of the members not to be guaranteed by the law. A large number of contradictions are accumulated at the grass-roots level and will ultimately be detrimental to the stability and harmony of the society.
The cause of the contradiction of income distribution in the rural collective economic organization is pluralism: influenced by the early planned system in China, the dominance of the policy is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, which leads to the formation of the two yuan economy, the society and the legal system; the economic development brings huge profits, and the collective property rights are not clear and the collective income distribution right is not clear. As a country with profound history and culture, the local nature of the grass-roots society will not be changed qualitatively in a short period of time as a country with a profound history and culture. These traditional ideas and local characteristics have brought profound influence on the farmers' psychological habits; because the law itself is saved. In the limitations, there are conflicts and omissions in legal norms, which lead to a situation that can not be found in the dissension of the income distribution disputes in the collective economic organization, and the limitation of the discretion of the judges is more impeding the role of the law to play a "dispute over a dispute".
The study on the income distribution of rural collective economic organizations is to provide suggestions for improving the income distribution system, fully protecting the legitimate rights and interests of collective members and promoting the sustainable development of rural collective economic organizations. First, the principle of distribution justice should be established in the legislative concept to promote the distribution of the income distribution among the collective economic organizations. Secondly, we should clarify the property rights of the collective economic organization, remould the legal status of the collective economic organization, reconstruct the qualification standards of the members of the rural collective economic organization, and establish the principle and process of the income distribution of the collective economic organization, so that the distribution relationship can realize the justice and harmony within the collective economic organization; again, the justice and harmony can be realized; again, the justice and harmony can be realized in the collective economic organization; In order to prevent the change of the main body of the distribution function as the subject of the infringement of the rights and interests of the collective members, the grass-roots government and the rural collective asset management departments should carry out external supervision on the income distribution process on the basis of respect for the autonomy of collective economic organizations. In addition, the judicial procedure should be the last barrier for the protection of collective members' rights. In the end, mediation, reconciliation, arbitration and other non litigation methods have great advantages in resolving rural disputes. Therefore, it should provide the necessary legal guarantee for their full play.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.29;D921.8

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