行政许可后续监管问题及其对策

发布时间：2018-01-08 17:12

本文关键词：行政许可后续监管问题及其对策　出处：《广东外语外贸大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2014年的商事登记制度改革,让我国的行政许可监管形式由过去的“严进宽出”转变为以后续监管为重点的“宽进严出”的形式。行政许可后续监管,是指行政许可主体在做出行政许可决定后对行政许可持有人所行使的监督管理权。立法的滞后给行政监督带来了消极影响,重许可、轻监管依旧是当下行政许可执法的现实情况。我国行政许可后续监管存在的问题主要集中在以下几方面:我国现有的行政体制存在职责不清、权责不一的问题,导致监管不力,行政效率低下。各类行政监督体系在运行机制上缺乏应有的沟通和有机的协调。缺乏有效的监督责任机制是造成许可制度功能削弱的一个主要原因。我国目前行政监督的有关法律比较少,有些领域甚至还是空白。相比较于行政监管机关和社会公众,行政许可持有人拥有明显的信息优势。在已经拥有信息优势的情况下,行政许可持有人便会对已掌握的该信息实行垄断行为,在现实经济社会中,信息优势方对信息的垄断控制正是导致信息不对称的重要原因。而也正是由于这三者之间的事实信息不对称,才导致了行政许可持有人的违法成本一再被削弱。本文主要从立法层面进行分析,从立法源头上为行政许可提供执法依据和程序规范。同时,也从制度角度对行政许可后续监管的问题进行总结梳理,提出将责任追究机制和信息公开制度作为解决监管的重要手段。具体可以概括为以下几点:第一,学合理地设置行政许可监管机构体系,严格明晰不同职能部门的监督重点,避免交叉重叠的模糊检查。第二,强制信息披露制度的建立能有效改善公众的信息弱势地位,为社会公众参与行政许可后续监管提供信息基础条件,最终为行政许可后续监管公众参与机制的有效运行提供条件与可能。第三,引入双罚制责任制度,合理分配责任标准。双罚制针对组织型行政许可持有人同一违法行为,对组织与个体同时实施惩戒,因此,双罚制实现了组织以集体身份来承担法律责任,违法行为个体以个体身份来独立承担责任的法律责任分配目标。
[Abstract]:In 2014, the reform of commercial registration system changed the administrative license supervision form of our country from "Yan Jin out" to "lenient entry and strict exit" form. Refers to the administrative licensing subject in making administrative licensing decisions on the administrative licensing holders exercise the supervision and management power. The lag of legislation to the administrative supervision of the negative impact, re-licensing. Light supervision is still the reality of the current administrative licensing law enforcement. The problems existing in the follow-up supervision of administrative licensing in China mainly focus on the following aspects: the existing administrative system of our country has unclear responsibilities and different powers and responsibilities. Leading to poor regulation. Administrative efficiency is low. All kinds of administrative supervision system lack of proper communication and organic coordination in operation mechanism. The lack of effective supervision responsibility mechanism is one of the main reasons for weakening the function of licensing system. There are relatively few laws on administrative supervision. Some fields are even blank. Compared with the administrative regulatory authorities and the public, the holders of administrative licenses have obvious information advantages. The holders of administrative licenses will monopolize the information they already have, in the real economic society. The monopoly control of information by information advantage is the important reason that leads to information asymmetry, and it is precisely because of the fact information asymmetry between these three. The illegal cost of administrative license holders has been weakened again and again. This paper mainly analyzes from the legislative level, from the source of legislation to provide the administrative licensing law enforcement basis and procedural norms. At the same time. Also from the perspective of the system of administrative licensing follow-up regulatory issues summarized and combed, put forward the accountability mechanism and information disclosure system as an important means to solve the supervision. Specific can be summarized as the following points: first. Learn to set up a reasonable administrative licensing regulatory body system, strict clarity of different functional departments of the focus of supervision, to avoid overlapping fuzzy check. Second. The establishment of compulsory information disclosure system can effectively improve the information vulnerable position of the public, and provide the basic information conditions for the public to participate in the follow-up supervision of administrative license. Finally, it provides the conditions and possibilities for the effective operation of the public participation mechanism of administrative licensing follow-up supervision. Third, the introduction of double penalty system of liability system. The double penalty system aims at the same illegal behavior of the organizational administrative license holder and carries out the punishment on the organization and the individual at the same time. Therefore, the double penalty system realizes the organization to bear the legal responsibility in the collective capacity. The target of the distribution of the legal responsibility of the individual to bear the responsibility independently by the individual of the illegal act.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.1

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