我国道路交通事故认定程序研究

发布时间：2018-01-24 04:53

本文关键词： 交通事故程序权利救济事故鉴定委员会　出处：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在我国,交通事故认定是法律赋予公安机关交通管理部门的一项职权,也是道路交通事故处理的核心程序。公安机关交通管理部门过道路交通事故认定程序作出的交通事故认定书是处理交通事故过程中最为重要的文书。它直接关系到各方当事人的人身和财产权益。目前,被作为证据使用的交通事故认定书,在刑事、行政、民事诉讼中,起着不可替代的作用。在刑事诉讼中,它所确定的责任类型和损害后果,是人民检察院提起公诉,追究肇事者刑事责任的重要依据,直接影响被告人的定罪量刑。在民事诉讼中,它是确定责任人损害赔偿的重要依据。在公安交通管理中,它是公安交通管理部门对道路交通安全违法行为进行行政处罚的依据。但是,在司法实践中,作为国家机关作出具有浓厚行政色彩的交通事故认定书,由于程序的不完善,使得交通事故当事人的权利难以得到保障和救济。在当前我国大力建设法治社会的情形下,深入研究我国的道路交通事故认定程序,找出其中的不足,进而加以完善,是必要的。本文分为五个部分。文章的第一部分是案例介绍和分析,通过分析审判中的真实案例,找出交通事故诉讼案件中常见的争议所在。第二部分对我国目前的道路交通事故认定程序作了详细介绍,包括历年来关于道路交通事故处理的法律法规的变更、交通事故认定程序的分类(简易程序和一般程序)。第三部分对交通事故认定的性质进行了分析,介绍了当前存在的三种观点,包括“具体行政行为说”、“准行政行为说”、“技术鉴定行为说”,本文赞同“技术鉴定行为说”,认为交通事故认定是一种特殊的技术鉴定行为。第四部分分析了当前我国交通认定程序中存在的一些问题,包括交通管理部门在认定程序中的一手包办,缺乏监督以及事后当事人权利救济程序。第五部分对我国交通事故认定程序的完善作了一些思考,一是对交警的职责需要重新确定,将事故责任认定从交警的职责中剥离出去,避免自侦自判之嫌;二是建议建立专门的道路交通事故鉴定机构,设立交通事故鉴定委员会,鉴定委员会成立专家库,组织专业知识人才和专家建立专业的鉴定体系,对道路交通事故的责任进行认定;分析了建立专门的道路交通事故鉴定机构的必要性和可性行,并对道路交通事故鉴定流程进行了设想;三是考虑到机制构建需要漫长的过程,建议过渡时期的当务之急是修改我国的交通事故认定复核制度的规定,让复核制度前置程序落到实处,避免当事人利用法律规定刻意回避复核程序。
[Abstract]:In our country, traffic accident identification is a power entrusted by law to the traffic management department of the public security organ. It is also the core procedure of dealing with road traffic accident. The traffic accident cognizance written by traffic management department of public security organ is the most important document in the process of dealing with traffic accident. To the parties' personal and property rights and interests. The traffic accident identification document used as evidence plays an irreplaceable role in criminal, administrative and civil proceedings. In criminal proceedings, it determines the type of liability and damage consequences. It is an important basis for the people's Procuratorate to initiate public prosecution and investigate the criminal responsibility of the perpetrators, which directly affects the conviction and sentencing of the accused. It is an important basis for determining the compensation for damages of those responsible. In the traffic management of public security, it is the basis of administrative punishment for illegal acts of road traffic safety by the public security traffic management department. However, in judicial practice. As a state organ to make a strong administrative color of the traffic accident identification, due to the imperfect procedures. It makes the rights of traffic accident parties difficult to get protection and relief. In the current situation of our country to build a society ruled by law, in-depth study of our country's road traffic accident identification procedures to find out the shortcomings. This article is divided into five parts. The first part of the article is case introduction and analysis, through the analysis of real cases in the trial. Find out the common disputes in traffic accident litigation cases. The second part of the current road traffic accident identification procedures are introduced in detail including the changes of laws and regulations on road traffic accident handling over the years. The third part analyzes the nature of traffic accident identification, and introduces three existing viewpoints, including "specific administrative act theory". "quasi-administrative act theory", "technology appraisal behavior theory", this article agrees with "technology appraisal behavior theory". It is considered that traffic accident identification is a special technical identification behavior. Part 4th analyzes some problems existing in the current traffic identification procedure in our country, including the one-hand handling by traffic management department in the identification procedure. Lack of supervision and ex post relief procedures for the rights of the parties. 5th part of the traffic accident identification procedures for our country to do some thinking, the first is the duty of the traffic police need to be re-determined. Identify the accident responsibility from the duties of the traffic police to avoid self-detection of the suspicion of self-adjudication; The second is the establishment of a special road traffic accident identification agency, the establishment of a traffic accident identification committee, the identification committee to set up a pool of experts, to organize professionals and experts to establish a professional appraisal system. To confirm the responsibility of road traffic accident; This paper analyzes on the necessity and feasibility of establishing a special road traffic accident identification institution, and conceive the process of road traffic accident identification. Third, considering the long process of mechanism construction, it is suggested that the most urgent task in the transitional period is to modify the provisions of the traffic accident identification and review system in our country, so that the pre-procedure of the review system can be put into practice. Avoid the parties using the provisions of the law to deliberately withdraw from the review procedure.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D922.14

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