洪泽湖河蚬渔政执法科学管理的研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 03:24

本文关键词： 河蚬渔政执法研究　出处：《南京农业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：渔政执法不仅是当代行政管理的重要内容,也是规范渔业行为、促进渔业经济发展的重要保障。渔政执法作为保护渔业资源与生态环境的重要手段之一,近年来其力度不断增强。然而,渔政执法某种程度上是经济执法,具体实践中通过罚没一定数量的资源赔偿费来抑制渔业资源的过度捕捞。这种处罚方式往往会造成出现“以罚代管”的现象,很难追究刑事责任,从而导致“公地的悲剧”在湖泊不断上演。洪泽湖河蚬是洪泽湖特种水产品之一,也是重要的经济水生种类,其良好的品质、极佳的口感以及一定药用功能,使得它在日韩市场上极其畅销,几乎占领了日韩河蚬市场的80%以上,被誉为洪泽湖捕蚬渔民的“金疙瘩”。但越是畅销的物品,往往越是“公地的悲剧”的重灾区。据调查,在2005年-2009年洪泽湖河蚬捕捞的高峰期,河蚬资源量由2005-2006年的10.01万吨,锐减至2009年的5.77万吨,几乎减少了一半,偷捕、滥捕、超捕现象严重。而这几年的渔政执法力度也不断加大,据统计2007年-2010年共查处违章147起。虽然每年查处了大量的违章,但强势的渔政执法并没有有效的遏制住河蚬资源衰退的颓势。与此同时,虽然国际国内市场对洪泽湖河蚬的需求依然旺盛,但处在产业链条低端河蚬渔民、河蚬企业却没有得到实惠,呈现出河蚬出水价格低、渔民获利薄、企业利润少、产业发展低迷的现象。渔政执法陷入了“越超越打、越打越超”的怪圈,严重挫伤了捕捞渔民的生产积极性。洪泽湖河蚬渔政执法的实践证明,仅寄希望于渔政执法,是不能解决河蚬产业发展遇到的全部难题的。要真正实现洪泽湖河蚬产业科学管理,还要借助于其他手段,如经济的手段、生态的手段、管理的手段等等。正是借助了上述手段,在从2011年开始,河蚬违章现象大幅减少,企业利润大幅提高,渔民收益也大幅增加,河蚬产业实现了由过去的“以量取胜”向现在的“以质取胜”的转变,呈现出全面协调可持续发展的繁荣景象。本研究通过对洪泽湖河蚬整个产业链条的长期观察与调研,不仅分析了河蚬资源和河蚬产业的特殊性,而且还分析了河蚬管理者、河蚬捕捞渔民、河蚬加工企业三者之间因各自的核心利益而产生的错综复杂的博弈关系,揭示出洪泽湖河蚬产业发展的症结与矛盾所在,进一步指出单纯运用渔政执法管理河蚬产业的根本缺陷,进而理性分析出特种水产品渔政执法规律与与其他产业管理规律之间的关系,以期达到促进洪泽湖河蚬产业可持续发展的目的。正确认识和处理好渔政执法规律与其他产业管理规律的关系,对于促进洪泽湖河蚬产业发展具有十分重要的意义。也希望,通过对渔政执法规律与其他产业管理规律关系的探讨,为类似于洪泽湖河蚬的渔政专项执法工作提供参考。
[Abstract]:Fishery administration law enforcement is not only an important content of contemporary administration, but also an important guarantee to standardize fishery behavior and promote fishery economic development. Fishery administration law enforcement is one of the important means to protect fishery resources and ecological environment. In recent years, its strength has been increasing. However, to some extent, fishery administration law enforcement is economic law enforcement. In practice, the penalty for a certain amount of resources compensation to curb the fishing resources overfishing. This kind of punishment will often lead to the phenomenon of "punishment in custody", it is difficult to investigate criminal responsibility. Therefore, the tragedy of the Common Land is constantly performed in the lakes. The Corbicula flumiana is one of the special aquatic products of Hongze Lake, and is also an important economic aquatic species, which has good quality, excellent taste and certain medicinal functions. It makes it extremely popular in the Japanese and South Korean market, almost occupied more than 80% of the market, known as Hongze Lake clam fishermen "gold bumps." but the more popular items. Often the more "tragedy of the Commons" disaster areas. According to the survey, in 2005-2009, the peak of the Hongze Lake Corbicula clams fishing, the amount of Corbicula clams resources from 2005-2006 to 100,100 tons. In 2009, 57,700 tons, almost halved, poaching, overfishing, overfishing, and fisheries enforcement has been increasing in recent years. According to statistics from 2007 to 2010, a total of 147cases of violations were investigated and dealt with. Although a large number of violations were investigated every year, the strong enforcement of fisheries policies did not effectively curb the decline of Corbicula clams resources. At the same time. Although the international and domestic markets for the Hongze Lake Corbicula still strong demand, but in the low end of the industrial chain, Corbicula clams fishermen, clams enterprises have not benefited, showing that the water prices are low, fishermen profit thin. The phenomenon of low profits of enterprises and low development of industry. Fisheries administration and law enforcement has been caught in a strange circle of "more surpassing, more fighting, more and more", which has seriously dampened the production enthusiasm of fishing fishermen. The practice of fishery administration and enforcement of the Hongze Lake River has proved that. It is impossible to solve all the problems encountered in the development of Corbicula clams industry. In order to truly realize the scientific management of Hongze Lake Corbicula clams industry, it is necessary to resort to other means, such as economic means, ecological means. Management means and so on. It is with the help of the above means, since 2011, Corbicula Corbicula violations have been reduced substantially, corporate profits have increased substantially, and fishermen's income has also increased substantially. Corbicula Corbicula Industry has realized the change from "winning by quantity" to "winning by quality" in the past. This study not only analyzes the resources of Corbicula clams and the particularity of Corbicula clams industry through the long-term observation and investigation of the whole industry chain of Hongze Lake Corbicula clams. It also analyzes the intricate game relationship between the management of Corbicula clams, the fishing fishermen and the processing enterprises of Corbicula clams due to their respective core interests. It reveals the crux and contradiction of the development of Corbicula clams industry in Hongze Lake, and further points out the fundamental defects of the management of Corbicula flumbicula industry by using fishery administration and law enforcement. Then rational analysis of the special aquatic products fisheries law enforcement law and other industrial management law between the relationship. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting the sustainable development of Corbicula clams industry in Hongze Lake, we should correctly understand and deal with the relationship between the law of fishery administration and the law of other industries management. It is of great significance to promote the development of Corbicula clams industry in Hongze Lake. It is also hoped that the relationship between the law enforcement of fishery administration and other industrial management laws will be discussed. For similar to the Hongze Lake Corbicula fishery special law enforcement work to provide a reference.
【学位授予单位】：南京农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1;F326.4

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