我国消防行政裁量权法律控制研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 19:52

本文关键词： 消防行政裁量权滥用法律控制　出处：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：消防行政裁量权是指公安消防机构在消防法律法规缺乏明确规定或者相关规定不够详细、具体的情况下,根据法律的授权,在消防行政执法过程中对是否实施以及如何实施某种行政行为自行判断和自行决定的选择权。消防行政执法中,行政裁量权易产生被滥用的倾向,消防行政裁量权的滥用,不仅会给行政相对人的合法权益造成侵害,而且会折损公安消防机构的执法公信力,损害政府的形象,更会严重损害法律的权威性严肃性,延缓行政法治建设的进程。因此,有必要对消防行政裁量权的行使进行法律规制。全文分为五个部分。第一部分首先阐述了消防行政裁量权的内涵和特征；其次从提高消防执法效率、实现个别正义、克服法律的局限性等三个方面分析了消防行政裁量权存在的合理性;最后论述了消防行政裁量权的种类,将消防行政裁量权归纳为以下几种：违法事实认定的自由裁量；违法情节认定的自由裁量；处罚种类或幅度的自由裁量；办案程序选择的自由裁量；时限性的自由裁量。第二部分论述了滥用消防行政裁量权的表现形式及危害。首先介绍了消防行政执法实践中经常发生的几种滥用消防行政裁量权的行为表现,即：行政处罚明显不公正；不当选择处罚方式；履行法定职责超过法定期限；风暴式执法泛滥。其次从行政相对人权益保护、公安消防机构执法公信力以及社会稳定三个角度剖析了滥用消防行政裁量权的社会危害。第三部分从消防立法、执法、监督、执法人员主体素质等方面揭示了滥用消防行政裁量权的成因。其一,我国现行消防法律法规存在严重不足,给消防行政裁量权的滥用留下了空间；其二,现行消防行政执法机制存在缺失,尤其是执法程序不规范是消防行政裁量权被滥用的一个祸因；其三,执法绩效考核机制不合理也在客观上诱发消防行政裁量权的滥用；其四,监督机制的缺失使消防行政裁量权滥用行为得不到有效监控；最后,消防行政执法人员素质低下是消防行政裁量权被滥用的重要人为原因。第四部分提出了控制消防行政裁量权的对策,要从执法理念、立法、执法和社会监督等方面对行政裁量权的行使实施全方位的控制和规范。首先要秉承依法行政的基本理念,从观念上认识合理行使行政裁量权对于行政法治建设的重要意义；其次要完善现行立法,尤其是要完善消防行政裁量规则；再次,要规范执法程序,加强消防行政裁量权行使的行政控制；最后,要建立健全监督制约机制。
[Abstract]:The power of administrative discretion of fire control refers to the public security fire control organization in the absence of clear provisions of fire protection laws and regulations or the lack of detailed and detailed relevant provisions, in specific cases, in accordance with the authorization of the law, In the process of fire control administrative law enforcement, it is easy to abuse the administrative discretion and abuse of fire administrative discretion in the process of whether or not to implement and how to carry out a certain administrative act to judge and decide on its own. It will not only infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the administrative counterpart, but also damage the public security fire protection organization's credibility in enforcing the law, damage the image of the government, seriously damage the authority and seriousness of the law, and delay the process of the construction of the administrative rule of law. It is necessary to regulate the exercise of fire administrative discretion. The first part first expounds the connotation and characteristics of fire administrative discretion, and then analyzes the rationality of the existence of fire administrative discretion from three aspects: improving the efficiency of fire control law enforcement, realizing individual justice, overcoming the limitation of law, etc. Finally, the types of fire administrative discretion are discussed. The discretion of fire administrative discretion is summarized as follows: the discretion of determining the illegal facts, the discretion of the determination of the illegal circumstances, the discretion of the type or extent of punishment; Discretion in the choice of case procedure; discretion in time limit. The second part discusses the form and harm of abusing fire control administrative discretion. Firstly, it introduces the behavior of abusing fire control administrative discretion that often occurs in the practice of fire control administrative law enforcement, that is, administrative punishment is obviously unfair; Improperly choosing the punishment method; performing legal duties beyond the statutory time limit; overflowing law enforcement in a stormy manner. Secondly, protecting the rights and interests of the administrative counterpart, This paper analyzes the social harm of abusing fire control administrative discretion from three angles of public security fire agency's law enforcement credibility and social stability. The third part reveals the causes of abuse of fire control administrative discretion from the aspects of fire protection legislation, law enforcement, supervision, quality of law enforcement personnel and so on. First, there are serious deficiencies in the current fire protection laws and regulations in our country. Left space for the abuse of fire control administrative discretion; second, the current fire administrative law enforcement mechanism is missing, especially the non-standard law enforcement procedures is a cause of abuse of fire administrative discretion; third, The unreasonable performance evaluation mechanism of law enforcement also induces the abuse of fire administrative discretion objectively; fourthly, the absence of supervision mechanism makes the abuse of fire administrative discretion not effectively monitored; finally, The poor quality of fire administrative law enforcement personnel is an important human reason for the abuse of fire control administrative discretion. In the 4th part, the author puts forward the countermeasures of controlling the administrative discretion of fire fighting, which should be controlled and standardized from the aspects of law enforcement, legislation, law enforcement and social supervision. First of all, the basic idea of administration according to law should be adhered to. To understand the importance of the rational exercise of administrative discretion in the construction of administrative rule of law; secondly, to perfect the current legislation, especially to perfect the rules of administrative discretion of fire; thirdly, to standardize the law enforcement procedures, Strengthen the administrative control of the exercise of fire administrative discretion; finally, establish a sound supervision and control mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.14

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