我国行政立法控制模式研究

发布时间：2018-02-21 01:26

本文关键词： 行政立法控制模式违宪审查　出处：《华中师范大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：关于行政立法,学术界并没有一个统一的界定与理解。行政立法也被一些学者看作是“授权立法”、“委任立法”等。本文所探讨和论述的行政立法是指具备行政立法权的行政机关根据宪法和法律的规定,按照法定的权限和程序制定行政法规和规章的行政行为。随着社会的快速发展,出现了许多新的状况和问题,行政立法由此应运而生。行政立法的产生在一定时期内对于解决社会问题,缓解社会矛盾,维护社会正常有序运行等许多方面曾起到了积极的作用,但是也产生了一定的负面的影响。行政立法作为次级立法,它的迅速膨胀也产生了法律和法规规章在实践过程中的冲突和矛盾。十二届全国人大三次会议表决通过的《立法法(草案)》通过加强人大在立法中的主导作用,对授权作出更加细致的规定,限制规章权力等,顺应了新时期全面依法治国,建设法治政府,法治社会的要求。但同时还应看到,行政立法主导的传统依旧根深蒂固,因此,如何有效的控制行政立法成为我们必须要面临的问题。本文第一部分为行政立法控制概述。主要是对行政立法控制的一些基本内涵——行政立法、行政立法控制等进行界定,从法理的角度探讨行政立法控制的理论基础。第二部分主要论述了一些发达国家主要是以英国和美国为代表的英美法系和以法国、德国为代表的大陆法系国家在行政立法控制方面所采取的措施和手段,并分析了这些国家不同的行政立法控制模式所具备的优势和可以为我国所借鉴的方面。这些国家的法治建设起步早,法律体系完善,在控制行政立法方面各有侧重,各具特色。英国奉行议会至上,因此它的行政立法控制主要是来自于议会的控制,而美国以最高法院的违宪审查最为著名,德国和法国等大陆法系国家则是通过宪法法院来进行行政立法的违宪审查,同时法国的行政法院较为完善,自成体系。第三部分为本文的重点。主要探讨了我国行政立法控制的现状、存在的问题以及原因分析。这一部分主要是结合关于行政立法的一些典型案例和法条规定等,更加直观形象地分析我国行政立法控制所存在的问题,并根据对案例的分析探讨对行政立法控制乏力的成因。第四部分则根据前文的分析论述,提出对行政立法控制的完善建议。主要是从权力机关、行政机关、司法机关三个方面,借鉴西方国家的可行模式,根据我国存在的问题探寻对我国行政立法控制的有效途径。
[Abstract]:With regard to administrative legislation, There is not a unified definition and understanding in academic circles. Administrative legislation is also regarded by some scholars as "enabling legislation" and "appointed legislation". The administrative legislation discussed and discussed in this paper refers to administrative organs with administrative and legislative power. In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and the law, The administrative act of formulating administrative regulations and rules in accordance with statutory powers and procedures. With the rapid development of society, many new situations and problems have emerged. The emergence of administrative legislation has played a positive role in solving social problems, alleviating social contradictions, maintaining the normal and orderly operation of society, and so on. However, it also has some negative effects. Administrative legislation is regarded as secondary legislation. Its rapid expansion has also resulted in conflicts and contradictions in the practice of laws and regulations. The Legislative Law (draft), adopted by the third session of the 12 National people's Congress, strengthened the leading role of the National people's Congress in legislation. Making more detailed provisions on authorization, restricting the power of regulation and so on, conforms to the requirements of governing the country according to law, building a government ruled by law, and a society ruled by law in the new period. But at the same time, we should also see that the tradition of administrative and legislative leadership is still deeply rooted, so, How to effectively control administrative legislation has become a problem we must face. The first part of this paper is an overview of administrative legislation control. It mainly defines some basic connotations of administrative legislation control-administrative legislation, administrative legislative control, etc. The second part mainly discusses some developed countries are mainly represented by the United Kingdom and the United States as the representative of the Anglo-American legal system and France. The measures and measures taken by the civil law countries represented by Germany in the field of administrative and legislative control, It also analyzes the advantages of different administrative and legislative control models in these countries and the aspects that can be used for reference by our country. The construction of the rule of law in these countries starts early, the legal system is perfect, and they have their own emphasis on the control of administrative legislation. Each has its own peculiarities. Britain is committed to the supremacy of Parliament, so its executive and legislative control comes mainly from parliamentary control, and the United States is best known for its unconstitutional review by the Supreme Court. Civil law countries such as Germany and France have adopted the Constitutional Court to review the unconstitutionality of administrative legislation, while the French administrative courts are relatively perfect. The third part is the focus of this paper. It mainly discusses the current situation, existing problems and reasons of administrative legislation control in China. This part mainly combines some typical cases and provisions of administrative legislation, etc. More intuitively and vividly analyzes the problems existing in the administrative legislation control in our country, and discusses the causes of the weakness of the administrative legislation control according to the analysis of the cases. Part 4th is based on the above analysis and argumentation. This paper puts forward some suggestions to perfect the control of administrative legislation, mainly from three aspects of power, administration and judicature, draw lessons from the feasible mode of western countries, and seek effective ways to control administrative legislation in our country according to the existing problems in our country.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.1

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