企业环境责任法律制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 04:28

本文关键词： 企业环境责任法律制度制度完善　出处：《西南石油大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的高速发展,人民的物质生活水平日益提升,随之而来的却是环境问题的日益凸显,连续的雾霾天气、大面积的河流污染也让人们意识到当前环境所面临的严峻形势。以追求经济利益最大化为目标的企业作为社会的重要组成部分,在为社会创造巨大财富的同时,也对环境造成了不同程度的损害,企业在生产过程中大量攫取自然资源以及大量排污行为,是致使生态环境遭受损害的重要因素之一。为了有效解决环境恶化这一全人类共同面临的生存问题,企业也应当做出努力,承担起应有的责任。刚刚颁布的《民法总则》第9条规定的"绿色原则"也明确了企业的环境保护义务。因此,企业应当对环境改善做出努力,积极履行环境责任。目前,我国企业环境责任的履行呈现出明显的被动性,绝大多数企业往往为追求经济利益而不惜牺牲生态环境。究其原因,除了企业自身环保意识的薄弱外,最主要的还在于我国企业环境责任的法律制度还不完善,在立法、执法以及司法层面都还存有不足,无法通过严密的法律体系、有效的执法手段以及健全的司法救济制度对企业的环境破坏和污染行为进行有效的指引和规制。因此,完善我国企业环境责任法律制度,明确企业环境责任,引导企业开展清洁生产,成为当前改善环境问题的关键之一。就研究内容而言,本文除引言和结语外共分为四大部分:第一部分是企业环境责任概述,主要对企业环境责任的含义、特征以及所涉及的理论进行简要阐述,为本文的写作奠定基础。第二部分是我国企业环境责任法律制度存在的问题,通过对我国立法、执法以及司法实践的梳理和分析,发现我国企业环境法律制度存在的不足:如立法缺乏统一性、可操作性差;执法权责设置欠科学、力度不大、方式单一且监管缺失;司法资源匮乏、维权难度大、公益诉讼制度尚不健全等问题。第三部分是国外企业环境责任法律制度考察,介绍发达国家的做法,并总结其成功经验以便借鉴。第四部分是完善我国企业环境责任法律制度的路径选择,针对前文的问题,在结合我国实际的基础上借鉴国外经验,提出完善建议:在立法上应当在新的立法理念下完善我国企业环境责任的法律体系,并注重提高法律的可操作性;在行政执法上应当转变观念、加强队伍建设、明确责权、加强沟通,完善方式以及加强执法监管;在司法救济制度方面应当重视司法资源与现实需求相匹配,降低环境侵权的维权难度,并完善环境公益诉讼制度,提供全方位的司法保护;最后,在责任的落实保障方面,通过完善生产者责任延伸制度、环境责任保险制度以及企业信息公开制度保障责任落实。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the people's material living standard is improving day by day, but the environmental problem is becoming more and more prominent, continuous haze weather, The pollution of rivers in a large area also makes people realize the severe situation that the environment is facing. As an important part of the society, enterprises aiming at maximizing economic benefits create huge wealth for the society at the same time. It has also caused varying degrees of damage to the environment, with enterprises seizing large amounts of natural resources and discharging pollutants in the course of production. It is one of the important factors that cause the ecological environment to be damaged. In order to effectively solve the problem of environmental deterioration, which is common to all mankind, enterprises should also make efforts. The Green principle stipulated in Article 9 of the recently promulgated General provisions of the Civil Code also clarifies the environmental protection obligations of enterprises. Therefore, enterprises should make efforts to improve the environment and actively fulfill their environmental responsibilities. At present, The performance of environmental responsibility of enterprises in our country is obviously passive. Most enterprises often sacrifice the ecological environment for the sake of pursuing economic benefits. The reason is that the environmental protection consciousness of enterprises is weak except for the weakness of their own environmental protection consciousness. The most important thing is that the legal system of corporate environmental responsibility in our country is still not perfect, and there are still deficiencies in legislation, law enforcement and the judicial system to pass through a strict legal system. The effective law enforcement means and the perfect judicial relief system can effectively guide and regulate the environmental damage and pollution behavior of enterprises. Therefore, we should perfect the legal system of corporate environmental responsibility in our country and clarify the environmental responsibility of enterprises. Guiding enterprises to carry out cleaner production has become one of the keys to improve the environment. As far as the research content is concerned, this paper is divided into four parts except introduction and conclusion: the first part is an overview of corporate environmental responsibility. The meaning, characteristics and related theories of corporate environmental responsibility are briefly expounded, which lays a foundation for the writing of this paper. The second part is the problems existing in the legal system of corporate environmental responsibility in China. By combing and analyzing the law enforcement and judicial practice, the author finds out the shortcomings of our country's enterprise environmental legal system, such as the lack of uniformity of legislation, the poor maneuverability, the unscientific setting of law enforcement power and responsibility, the lack of strength, the single mode and the lack of supervision. Lack of judicial resources, difficulty in safeguarding rights, imperfect public interest litigation system, etc. The third part is an investigation of the legal system of environmental responsibility of foreign enterprises, introducing the practices of developed countries. And summarizes its successful experience in order to learn from. 4th part is to improve the legal system of corporate environmental responsibility path choice, in view of the previous problems, on the basis of combining the actual experience of foreign countries, Some suggestions are put forward: in legislation, we should perfect the legal system of environmental responsibility of enterprises in our country under the new legislative concept, and pay attention to improving the maneuverability of the law, change the concept of administrative law enforcement, strengthen the construction of the team, clarify the responsibility and power, Strengthen the communication, perfect the way and strengthen the law enforcement supervision, in the aspect of the judicial relief system, we should pay attention to the match of the judicial resources with the actual demand, reduce the difficulty of protecting the rights of the environmental tort, and perfect the system of the environmental public interest litigation. Finally, through perfecting the extended system of producer responsibility, environmental liability insurance system and enterprise information disclosure system to ensure the implementation of responsibility.
【学位授予单位】：西南石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923;D922.68

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