我国农业植物新品种权制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 04:11

本文关键词： 植物新品种制度品种权申请品种权运用　出处：《南京工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在国外、国内利益群体的压力下，我国于1997年颁布了植物新品种保护条例，对我国的植物新品种采取专门法保护的形式，1999年4月23日加入UPOV1978年文本，当日农业部开始受理品种权的申请，，标志着我国农业植物新品种权制度的正式实施。从国内看，农作物育种是农业科技创新活动中最活跃的因素，在保障我粮食安全和促进农村经济发展中发挥了举足轻重的作用。从国际看，现发达国家知识产权争夺的重心与焦点从工业知识产权领域转向了农业及种子领域。因此，作为一个农业资源大国，系统研究我国农业植物新品种权制度具有重要的理论与现实意义。本文首先对农业植物新品种权制度的理论基础进行了分析，其次运用数理统计分析、比较分析、回归分析的方法，从申请授权、保护、运用的角度，对农业植物新品种权制度和国内发展较为成熟的专利权制度进行了比较分析，总结出我国植物新品种权制度实施中存在的问题；再次运用线性回归分析的方法对我国农业植物新品种权制度的绩效进行分析，最后从立法、执法、行政制度、交易市场的角度对我国农业植物新品种权制度的进一步完善与发展提出对策建议。本文得出的主要结论如下：第一，通过对1999年农业植物品种权制度实施以来到2013年12月31日的农业植物品种权的申请量、授权量进行数理统计分析发现，申请量在种属、地区分布、申请主体等方面的分布非常不均衡；另外从农业品种权制度与专利权制度对比的角度，发现我国农业植物新品种权的申请授权时间长、申请费用高、申请程序复杂；法律制度位阶低、内容不健全；品种权侵权行为严重，品种权人维权困难；品种权市场交易机制不健全，品种权成果转化率低等一系列的问题。第二，以1999年2012年期间，农业植物品种权的申请量、农业生产总值数据为基础，应用回归分析的方法，对农业植物新品种权制度和农业经济增长间的关系进行实证分析，结果表明：滞后三期的植物新品种权申请量与农业经济增长之间显著正相关,品种权申请在经历一个合理的过渡期（中国为三年）后转化为生产力，滞后三期的品种权申请量每增长1%，平均来说，实际农业生产总值会增长0.419%。所以品种权申请数对农业经济增长产生了显著的持续的促进作用。第三，从借鉴排名世界前5位的植物新品种国家美国、欧盟、日本、荷兰、德国的农业植物新品种保护制度以及国内专利制度的角度提出对策建议。包括⑴改进《中华人民共和国植物新品种保护条例》。⑵增强执法力度。⑶改革行政制度设计。⑷健全品种权市场交易运行机制。
[Abstract]:Under the pressure of foreign and domestic interest groups, in 1997, our country promulgated the regulations on the protection of new plant varieties, which took the form of special law to protect the new varieties of plants in our country. In April 23rd 1999, we joined the annual text of UPOV1978. On the same day, the Ministry of Agriculture began to accept the application for variety rights, marking the formal implementation of the new variety right system of agricultural plants in China. From the domestic point of view, crop breeding is the most active factor in agricultural science and technology innovation activities. It has played an important role in ensuring China's food security and promoting rural economic development. Internationally, the focus and focus of intellectual property rights in developed countries has shifted from the industrial intellectual property field to the agricultural and seed fields. As a large country of agricultural resources, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to systematically study the new variety right system of agricultural plants in China. This paper first analyzes the theoretical basis of the new variety right system of agricultural plants, and then applies the methods of mathematical statistical analysis, comparative analysis and regression analysis to apply for authorization, protection and application. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the agricultural plant new variety right system and the domestic mature patent right system, and summarizes the problems existing in the implementation of the new plant variety right system in China. The performance of the new variety right system of agricultural plants in China is analyzed by using the method of linear regression analysis again. Finally, from the aspects of legislation, law enforcement and administrative system, From the perspective of trading market, the author puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the further improvement and development of the new variety right system of agricultural plants in China. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:. First, through the mathematical statistical analysis of the number of applications for agricultural plant variety rights since the implementation of the agricultural plant variety rights system in 1999 to December 31st 2013, it is found that the number of applications is distributed in species and regions. In addition, from the point of view of comparing the agricultural variety right system with the patent right system, it is found that the application authorization time is long, the application cost is high, and the application procedure is complex. The legal system is low, the content is not perfect; the variety right infringement is serious, the variety right person rights protection is difficult, the variety right market transaction mechanism is not perfect, the variety right achievement conversion rate is low and so on a series of problems. Secondly, based on the application amount of agricultural plant variety right and the data of agricultural gross product in 2012, the relationship between agricultural plant new variety right system and agricultural economic growth is analyzed empirically by using the method of regression analysis. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the application amount of new plant variety right and agricultural economic growth, and the application for variety right is transformed into productivity after a reasonable transition period (three years in China). For every increase in the number of application for variety rights in three periods, on average, the real gross agricultural product will increase by 0.419. Therefore, the number of application for variety rights has a significant and continuous promoting effect on the growth of agricultural economy. Third, learn from the United States, the European Union, Japan, the Netherlands, the five new plant varieties ranked among the top five in the world. The protection system of new varieties of agricultural plants in Germany and the domestic patent system are put forward, including the improvement of the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the Protection of New varieties of plants, and the strengthening of law enforcement. 3. Reform of administrative system design. Improve the market trading mechanism of variety rights.
【学位授予单位】：南京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.4

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