警察职务防卫权问题研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 02:33

本文关键词： 警察职务防卫权法律性质成立条件救济机制　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：警察职务防卫权是指法律赋予人民警察在执行公务期间,遇到犯罪分子不法侵害之威胁,为保护国家利益、公共利益和人民群众利益以及警察自身利益,使用警械或枪支等武器依法实施制止不法侵害的一种权力。警察职务防卫具有主体上的特殊性,防卫行为与警察职务相关性,防卫限度有限性,防卫方式特殊性等特征。其理论基础存在警察紧急权理论、依法令行为理论以及混合说理论之争,而依法令之行为理论作为警察职务防卫权的理论基础更具合理性。由于经济发展情况、政治历史背景等诸多因素的差异,各个国家对于警察职务防卫权的立法情况不尽相同。大陆法系国家一般情况下倾向于将警察在执行公务过程中行使的职务防卫行为区别于一般正当防卫行为,将其划归到职务行为抑或依法令行为,利用专门性法律规定或职业法律规定对于警察职务防卫行为进行明确法律规定,充分体现出人民警察履职过程中行使的职务防卫行为的公权力属性。而英美法系中大多数国家受历史文化传统和法律环境影响,一般倾向于将警察在履职过程中的职务防卫行为纳入公民一般正当防卫体系之中。我国对于警察职务防卫权之规定主要散见于一些行政法规和部门规章之中,存在的问题主要有适用法律层次低且过于陈旧,法律规范体系不健全,防卫权法律性质不明确,防卫权成立条件不明确,防卫权法律责任不明确。所以,我国警察职务防卫权在法律法规中亟待完善。完善我国警察职务防卫权立法有利于提高警察执法效率,有利于完善法律法规体系,有利于保证警察合法权益和人民群众合法权益,有利于践行宪法平等宗旨。人民警察职务防卫的现实意义不断催生其应当在我国刑法理论中具有独立的地位。完善我国警察职务防卫权立法一方面应该对于警察职务防卫权的法律性质、成立条件、防卫不当的法律责任以及警察职务防卫救济机制等方面进行明确。另一方面还应对于《人民警察法》、《人民警察使用警械和武器条例》等相关配套制度进行完善。
[Abstract]:The right of police duty defense means that the people's police are empowered by law to meet the threat of unlawful infringement by criminals during their official duties, in order to protect the national interest, the public interest and the people's interest, as well as the police's own interests. The use of weapons such as police equipment or firearms is a kind of power to stop unlawful infringement according to law. The police duty defense has the particularity of the subject, the correlation between the defense behavior and the police duty, and the limitation of the defense limit. Its theoretical basis is the theory of police emergency power, the theory of lawful behavior and the theory of mixed theory. However, it is more reasonable to use the behavior theory as the theoretical basis of the police duty defense right. Due to the differences of economic development, political and historical background, and so on, Different countries have different legislations on police duty defense right. In general, civil law countries tend to distinguish the duty defense behavior exercised by the police in the course of their official duties from the general legitimate defense act. It is classified as duty behavior or ordered according to law, and specific legal provisions or professional legal provisions are used to make clear legal provisions on police duty defense behavior. It fully reflects the public power attribute of the duty defense behavior exercised by the people's police in the course of carrying out their duties. However, most countries in the Anglo-American legal system are influenced by the historical, cultural tradition and legal environment. The general tendency is to bring the duty defense behavior of the police in the course of carrying out their duties into the citizen's general self-defense system. The provisions of the police duty defense right in our country are mainly scattered in some administrative regulations and departmental regulations. The main problems are that the level of applicable law is low and too old, the system of legal norms is not perfect, the legal nature of defense right is not clear, the condition of establishing defense right is not clear, and the legal responsibility of defence right is not clear. The police duty defense right in our country needs to be consummated in the laws and regulations. Perfecting the police duty defense right legislation in our country is beneficial to improve the police law enforcement efficiency and perfect the law and regulations system. Conducive to ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of the police and the masses of the people, The practical significance of the people's police duty defense should be independent in the criminal law theory of our country. On the one hand, perfecting the police duty defense right legislation in our country should be for the police. The legal nature of the right of duty defence, On the other hand, we should perfect the relevant supporting systems such as the people's Police Law and the regulations on the use of Police equipment and weapons by the people's Police.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.14

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