论我国的生育权规制

发布时间：2018-03-15 18:26

本文选题：生育权　切入点：生育权规制　出处：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：生育使人类代代相传，生生不息，本是一种生物体繁衍的自然现象。直至近代才出现生育权的概念，并且这一概念一直在争议中被不断地丰富和发展。本文从生育权的性质入手，结合我国实践，探讨了生育权规制的相关理论问题。生育权的规制与限制生育数量不同，前者包含了更广的范围和更丰富的内容，，。国家出台和调整生育政策，规制公民的生育权，主要是由生育权的社会属性决定的，生育与社会息息相关，不应被认为纯属个人私事。在必要情况下，为了公共利益对生育权进行适当规制是完全正当的。对生育权进行规制也不是对人权的侵害，而是为了保护公民的生育自由，引导公民合理负责平等的行使生育权，使个人自由限度与社会条件相吻合，符合社会发展的客观规律。建国后，我国人口经历了三次快速增长，形成了庞大的人口基数，生育率居高不下，过快的增长给经济发展、自然环境、社会资源都造成巨大压力，为此，上世纪70年代，我国开始推行计划生育政策，严格的限制公民生育子女的数量和生育间隔。在计划生育政策实行四十多年后的今天，我国已经进入了老龄化社会。生育率偏低问题，空巢老人问题，以及后续可能出现的劳动力不足问题开始引发全社会的关注，开放二胎政策屡屡被提上日程，各地纷纷出台“单独二胎”或“双独二胎”政策，以提高生育率，避免出现严重的老龄化问题。由此可见对生育权的规制是由客观的社会条件决定的。本文旨在厘清生育权特性和社会客观现实与生育权规制之间的关系，从法理层面解读我国人口政策。
[Abstract]:Fertility makes mankind pass on from generation to generation. It is a natural phenomenon of biological reproduction. The concept of reproductive right did not appear until the modern times. And this concept has been constantly enriched and developed in the controversy. This paper, starting with the nature of reproductive rights and combining the practice of our country, discusses the relevant theoretical issues of reproductive rights regulation. The regulation of reproductive rights is different from limiting the number of births. The former includes a wider scope and a richer content. The state has introduced and adjusted fertility policies and regulated citizens' reproductive rights, which are mainly determined by the social attributes of reproductive rights. Fertility is closely related to society. Should not be regarded as a purely personal matter. If necessary, it is entirely justified to regulate reproductive rights for the sake of the public interest, and to regulate reproductive rights is not an infringement of human rights, but to protect citizens' reproductive freedom. To guide citizens to exercise their reproductive rights on an equal basis, to make the limits of individual freedom consistent with social conditions, and to conform to the objective law of social development. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's population has experienced three rapid growth, forming a huge population base, high fertility rate, excessive growth of economic development, natural environment, social resources have caused great pressure, so, in -30s, China began to implement the family planning policy, strictly limiting the number and spacing of children born to citizens. More than 40 years after the implementation of the family planning policy, China has entered an aging society. The fertility rate is on the low side. The problem of the elderly with empty nesters and the possible shortage of labor in the future began to arouse the concern of the whole society. The policy of opening up two children was frequently put on the agenda, and various localities introduced policies of "single two-child" or "two-one-child" one after another in order to raise the fertility rate. Therefore, the regulation of reproductive rights is determined by objective social conditions. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between the characteristics of reproductive rights and social objective reality and the regulation of reproductive rights. Interpretation of China's population policy from the legal perspective.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D921;D922.1

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