我国器官移植法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 21:02

本文选题：器官移植　切入点：立法　出处：《昆明理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：器官移植技术引进我国短短几十年间,发展突飞猛进。目前我国的器官移植技术已经达较高水准,临床手术开展的数量也属世界第二,仅次美国。与高速发展的技术形成强烈对比的是长期以来国内器官移植的法律建设严重滞后。本文主要分为四章。第一章简要概括了器官移植的概念,回顾我国器官移植的发展过程,指出港澳台的立法早于大陆地区,且各具特色;大陆地区立法时间虽然晚,但人体器官移植条例对人体器官移植工作中各机构的职责规定清楚,对器官捐献、器官分配、器官摘取等各个阶段的立法进行了合法性分析。第二章主要提出我国器官移植中存在的问题。立法方面存在的问题,即立法层次低缺乏专门法律、“器官”法律界定过于狭隘、“脑死亡”判定缺乏法律依据;制度上,人体器官捐献缺乏激励机制,权利保障制度存在不合理以及医疗制度中存在的不合理;执法上对器官分配存在不合理、医疗执法监督不到位以及医疗机构缺乏有效管理。第三章各国经过多年的沉淀以及修改均形成具有各国特色的器官移植法律体系,本文主要分别对美国、西班牙、日本的法律考察,对比分析我国法律的异同。总结出美国移植器官分配的立法经验、西班牙先进捐献模式的立法经验和日本“脑死亡”立法经验,为本文第四章完善我国器官移植法律制度的构想提供对策以及建议。第四章基于对境外立法的了解,结合我国器官移植中存在的问题,提出完善我国器官移植法律制度的构想。即构建科学、合理的人体器官移植法律体系和制约行政主管部门的职权,以期解决现阶段我国器官移植中所涉的法律问题。
[Abstract]:Organ transplantation technology has been introduced into China for a short period of several decades, and it has developed by leaps and bounds. At present, the technology of organ transplantation in China has reached a relatively high standard, and the number of clinical operations carried out is also the second largest in the world. This article is mainly divided into four chapters. The first chapter briefly summarizes the concept of organ transplantation. Reviewing the development process of organ transplantation in China, it is pointed out that the legislation of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan is earlier than that of the mainland and has its own characteristics. Although the legislation in the mainland is late, the regulations on human organ transplantation clearly stipulate the responsibilities of various organs in the work of human organ transplantation. This paper analyzes the legality of the legislation of organ donation, organ allocation, organ removal and so on. The second chapter mainly points out the problems existing in organ transplantation in China. That is, there is a lack of special laws at a low level of legislation, too narrow a legal definition of "organs", and a lack of legal basis for the determination of "brain death". The rights protection system is unreasonable and the medical system is unreasonable, and the distribution of organs in law enforcement is unreasonable. Medical enforcement supervision is not in place and medical institutions lack effective management. Chapter three: after many years of precipitation and modification, various countries have formed a legal system of organ transplantation with national characteristics. This article mainly focuses on the United States, Spain, Japan's legal investigation, comparative analysis of the similarities and differences of Chinese law, summing up the American legislative experience of organ allotment, the legislative experience of Spain's advanced donation model and Japan's "brain death" legislative experience. Chapter 4th is based on the understanding of foreign legislation, combined with the existing problems in organ transplantation in China. This paper puts forward the idea of perfecting the legal system of organ transplantation in our country, that is, to construct a scientific and reasonable legal system of human organ transplantation and to restrict the powers and powers of the administrative department in order to solve the legal problems involved in organ transplantation in our country at the present stage.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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