论医疗损害免责制度

发布时间：2018-03-23 13:54

本文选题：医疗损害纠纷　切入点：医疗免责　出处：《苏州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：患者就医时，都希望就诊医院设施完备、医务人员医术精湛，从而能早日康复。但由于医疗的复杂性和高风险性，条件和水平的参差不齐，有时会发生医疗损害，引发医患纠纷。损害发生时，医院、医生是否承担责任、承担何种责任等，常成为争议焦点。医疗行为系特殊民事行为，其特殊性决定了医疗损害免责之规则应符合行业的独特性，有利于医疗事业的可持续发展。尽管医疗纠纷解决方式多样，但现阶段，诉讼仍是解决医疗损害纠纷的主要形式。在诉讼中，法律规则和技术鉴定发挥着重要作用。制度的不完善使得相似案件出现了地区和法官个体的差异性。相较之前的法律，我国《侵权责任法》对损害责任之规定有很大进步，但该法和《医疗事故处理条例》的一些规定已经明显无法满足当前的现实需求。考虑医疗行为的专业特性，，有必要实行医疗损害的有限免责。有限免责有利于医疗事业的发展，能适度降低医疗行为的风险，使医疗行为理性化。《侵权责任法》、《医疗事故处理条例》的免责规定具有缺陷，没有举证缓和制度，没有考虑医疗水平的地区差异，对免责事由规定过于简单、宽泛，未规定责任鉴定制。医疗免责举证责任的重建应考虑引入表见证明理论及限制性举证责任倒置理论，需要正确界定医疗风险范围，适度扩大法官自由裁量权。在法定的免责事由中，应增加患者自甘风险和医疗意外的事由。我国应通过司法解释使医疗损害责任的法律规定更为明确、精细，强化医疗损害责任保险制度，将其作为免责制度的有益补充，并对医疗损害赔偿额度作出适当限制。
[Abstract]:Patients with medical treatment, to hospital facilities, medical personnel, medical skills, and can recover soon. But due to the complexity of health care and high risk of uneven conditions and levels, sometimes medical damage, medical dispute. When the damage occurred, the hospital, the doctor is liable, bear the responsibility, often became the focus of controversy. The medical behavior is a special civil behavior, the particularity of the medical damage rules of exemption should be consistent with the unique industry, is conducive to the sustainable development of the medical enterprise.
Although the medical dispute resolution ways, but at this stage, the main form of litigation is to solve medical malpractice disputes. In the process of litigation, legal rules and technical appraisal plays an important role. The system is not perfect because of the similar cases the differences between regions and individual judges. The earlier law, China's "tort liability law" a lot of progress of damage liability provisions, but the law and regulations of medical malpractice "> Some Provisions have been clearly cannot meet the current needs.
Considering the characteristics of professional medical behavior, it is necessary to implement a limited exemption of medical damage. A limited exemption is conducive to the development of medical cause, risk can moderately reduce the medical behavior, rational behavior. The medical tort liability law ", has defects of exemption" Regulations on handling medical accidents ", without the burden of mitigation system there is no difference between the medical level in consideration, too simple, provisions on the exemption of responsibility identification system wide, not specified. The exemption of burden of proof of medical reconstruction should consider the introduction of apparent proof theory and the limit of the burden of proof theory, to correctly define the scope of medical risk, moderate expansion of the discretion of the judge in legal. Excusatio, should increase with the assumption of risk and causes of medical accidents. China's judicial interpretation of the legal provisions of the liability of medical damage is more clear, fine, strengthen the medical liability insurance The insurance system will be used as a beneficial supplement to the exemption system and to make appropriate restrictions on the amount of compensation for medical damage.

【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16;D923

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