公益捐赠人权利研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 22:33

本文选题：公益捐赠　切入点：捐赠人权利　出处：《南昌大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前研究公益事业或者慈善事业的法学类成果一般倾向于从立法的角度或者公益或者慈善组织的角度去考察。本文则着力于从民事法律关系层面分析公益捐赠行为，风起于青萍之末，如果不对概念本身做出一个明确的界定，那由此概念而起的所有种种，，都是没有根基的。一般来说对于公益捐赠的是怎样的属性主要存在以下观点：一是附义务的赠与合同行为；一是信托行为。公益信托是国外主流的公益事业发展类型，主要是指英美法系国家以及较早引入信托法概念的部分大陆法系国家，但在大陆法系国家因为有相应的法律概念承担了大部分信托法律关系的功能，比如委托、附条件或者附义务赠与等概念，使得信托法在使用范围上仍只局限在商法领域，在公益事业领域，由于在先存在公益法人的概念并起着主导作用，使得公益信托并没有发展起来，最明显的例子就是日本在信托法生效后长达几十年都没有公益信托的实践，在我国也只是说只有一二期有始无终的以公益属性为主要内容的信托类产品。也就是说目前中国实践中的公益捐赠行为仍然是以附义务的赠与合同为主要模式，在目前的公益事业乱象中，捐赠人往往缺位，很少看到这一主体积极维护自身的权利。本文即主要关注捐赠人的权利及其救济问题。本文的主体内容有这几部分：第一部分：介绍公益捐赠的概念、性质，并区分了公益捐赠法律关系的主客体；第二部分：介绍了公益捐赠人权利的性质及其内容；第三部分：分析了公益捐赠人权利的实现障碍及其原因；第四部分：介绍了公益捐赠人权利的救济途径。
[Abstract]:At present, the legal achievements of research on public welfare or philanthropy tend to be investigated from the angle of legislation or from the angle of public welfare or charitable organization. This paper focuses on analyzing the behavior of public donation from the perspective of civil legal relations. The wind begins at the end of the duckweed, and without a clear definition of the concept itself, all the things that arise from it, Generally speaking, there are the following points of view about the attribute of public donation: first, the act of donating contract with obligation; one is the behavior of trust. Public trust is the mainstream type of public welfare development in foreign countries. It mainly refers to the countries of common law system and some civil law countries that introduced the concept of trust law earlier. However, in the countries of civil law system, because of the corresponding legal concepts, they assume most of the functions of trust legal relations, such as entrustment, conditionality or gift of obligation, so that the scope of application of trust law is still limited to the field of commercial law. In the field of public welfare, due to the existence and leading role of the concept of public welfare legal person in the past, the public trust has not developed. The most obvious example is that Japan did not have the practice of public trust for decades after the Trust Law came into effect. In our country, we only say that there are only one or two trust products whose main content is the commonweal attribute. That is to say, at present, the behavior of public welfare donation in Chinese practice is still based on the giveaway contract with obligations as the main mode. In the current chaos of public welfare, donors are often absent and seldom see this subject actively defending their rights. This paper focuses on the rights of donors and their relief. The main contents of this paper are as follows:. The first part introduces the concept and nature of public donation, and distinguishes the subject and object of the legal relationship of public donation; The second part introduces the nature and content of the rights of public welfare donors. The third part analyzes the obstacles to the realization of the rights of public welfare donors and the reasons; The fourth part: introduced the relief way of the public welfare donor's right.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923;D922.182.3

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