论我国家庭承包经营权继承制度的确立

发布时间：2018-03-25 04:28

本文选题：家庭承包经营权　切入点：继承权　出处：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：一国经济发展的根基是农业,农业发展的根基是土地,因此对农村土地的规制就显得极其重要。在此背景下,我国家庭承包经营权制度产生并不断完善,为推动我国土地开发、维护社会的稳定及保障我国农村经济乃至整个社会经济迅速、健康发展做出了重要的贡献。但是,该制度并不是完美无缺的。我国立法者在创设该制度时,对家庭承包经营权能否继承并未给出明确的、完美的答案,以至于理论界和实务界对此问题争议颇大。从而导致了一系列问题的产生,例如司法实践中家庭承包经营权继承纠纷层出不穷、纷繁复杂。这对法制的发展和完善、社会稳定等都是非常不利的,我们必须对家庭承包经营权能否继承做出明确的规定。本文围绕家庭承包经营权继承展开,从我国目前家庭承包经营权继承的立法现状着手,并深入分析这一现状产生的原因。主要是从立法者立法时的法律考量分析。然后从法律体系的统一性、家庭承包经营权的财产属性、“三权分离”理论的发展、土地市场化需求这些方面探究了家庭承包经营权继承的必要性;从社会实践以及农地权利流转的大趋势、社会保障制度的完善为家庭承包经营权继承制度的确立提供基础和保障分析了家庭承包经营权继承制度的可行性。提出为完善家庭承包经营权制度、减少继承纠纷、促进农村社会发展以及我国法治进程,我们必须构建完善的家庭承包经营权继承制度。构建该制度主要从家庭承包经营权继承关系主体、客体、继承方式进行着手。具体来说就是明确家庭承包经营权继承关系中,被继承人是“户”内的每个家庭成员,而非农户;本集体经济组织成员和非集体经济组织成员都可以成为继承人,但是为保持农地用途,非集体经济组织成员必须取得原发包方的同意,才能实际继承承包经营权;明确土地只是载体,并不是继承关系的客体,从家庭承包经营权中分离出的经营权才是继承关系的真正客体;明确家庭承包经营权的两种继承方式,即法定继承和遗嘱继承。在具体的规则设计上,提出“最小耕作面积”规则并赋予继承人选择权(选择折价补偿或单独或共同享有相同土地上的家庭承包经营权)。家庭承包经营权继承制度的确立,从长远来看,是大势所趋,是我国社会经济市场化程度提升、人们财产意识提高、完善法律体系的必然要求和必要选择;而对当前的社会生活和司法实践也具有重要的现实意义,确保家庭承包经营权继承纠纷有统一、明确的法律裁判标准。
[Abstract]:The foundation of a country's economic development is agriculture, and the foundation of agricultural development is land. Therefore, the regulation of rural land is extremely important. Maintaining social stability and ensuring the rapid and healthy development of our country's rural economy and the whole society have made important contributions. However, the system is not perfect. There is no clear and perfect answer as to whether the right of household contract management can be inherited, so that there is a lot of controversy in the theoretical and practical circles, which leads to a series of problems. For example, in judicial practice, disputes over inheritance of the right to contract management of families emerge in endlessly and are complicated. This is very unfavorable to the development and improvement of the legal system and social stability. We must make clear provisions on whether the right of household contracted management can be inherited. This article focuses on the inheritance of the right of household contract management, starting with the current legislative situation of inheritance of the right of household contract management in our country. And deeply analyze the reasons of this situation, mainly from the legislative considerations of the legislator. Then from the unity of the legal system, the property attributes of the right to contract management of the family, the development of the theory of "separation of the three powers". This paper probes into the necessity of inheritance of the right of household contracted management from the aspects of market demand of land, the trend of social practice and the circulation of farmland rights. The perfection of the social security system provides the basis for the establishment of the inheritance system of the family contract management right and analyzes the feasibility of the family contract management right inheritance system. To promote the development of rural society and the process of ruling by law in our country, we must construct a perfect inheritance system of the right of household contracted management. The way of inheritance is carried out. Specifically, it is clear that in the inheritance relationship of the right of household contracted management, the heirs are each family member in "household", not farmers; The members of this collective economic organization and the members of the non-collective economic organization may become heirs, but in order to maintain the use of agricultural land, the members of the non-collective economic organizations must obtain the consent of the original contracting party before they can actually inherit the contractual management right; It is clear that land is only the carrier, not the object of the inheritance relationship, and that the management right separated from the family contract management right is the real object of the inheritance relationship. That is, legal succession and testate succession. In the design of specific rules, This paper puts forward the rule of "minimum cultivated area" and gives the heirs the right to choose (choose discount compensation or enjoy the same land alone or jointly). In the long run, it is the trend of the times to establish the inheritance system of the right of household contracted management. It is the inevitable requirement and necessary choice to improve the social economy marketization degree, the people's property consciousness, the perfect legal system, and also has the important realistic significance to the current social life and the judicial practice. Ensure the family contract management right inheritance dispute has the unification, the clear legal judgment standard.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.32

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