重大环境事件行政问责制研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 06:56

本文选题：重大环境事件　切入点：行政问责制　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：重大环境事件行政问责制，是指特定的问责主体针对各级政府及其环保部门公务员故意或者过失、不履行或者不正确履行法定职责和义务而导致发生重大环境事件，，依照法定程序要求其承担否定性后果的一种责任追究制度。完善重大环境事件行政问责制，有利于规范、约束政府及公务员的行政行为，强化政府及公务员的责任意识，转变政府及公务员工作作风，推进干部制度改革，构建法治政府、责任政府、满意政府、精英政府。我国重大环境事件行政问责制主要有立法、执法、救济等不足。立法方面：缺乏统一的环境问责法律体系、现行环境问责法规级别较低、环境问责制整体功能发挥不佳；问责主体缺失、问责客体不清、问责范围不一；启动程序不规范、公众参与度不高、问责结果没有完全公开；环境问责法律条文较少、条文内容抽象、权责严重失衡；执法方面：部门职责不清导致问责对象难以确定、环境问责标准不统一、部分环境问责官员素质有待提高；救济方面：问责对象陈述权和诉讼权缺乏保障、行政诉讼受案范围有待拓宽、官员复出机制不健全等。重大环境事件行政问责制存在不足的原因是多方面的，主要有观念因素、制度因素、经济因素、作风因素，包括官本位思想严重、政绩观不科学、公民问责意识薄弱；党政职责不清、上下级责任界限模糊、正副职权责不清；片面追求GDP增长、分税制改革影响地方财政收入；政府官员大搞权钱交易、权权交易等。因此，有必要对我国重大环境事件行政问责制进行完善：全面树立重大环境事件行政问责的法治理念；建立健全重大环境事件行政问责制法律体系；完善重大环境事件行政问责实体规定，如强化异体问责，明确客体职责，拓宽问责范围等；完善重大环境事件行政问责制程序规定，规范行政问责启动程序，提高公众参与度，公开相关信息等；完善重大环境事件行政问责制执法，明确环境问责部门职责，制定严格的问责标准，提高环境问责官员素质；完善重大环境事件行政问责制救济保障，将抽象行政行为和内部行政行为纳入行政诉讼受案范围，充分保障问责对象陈述权、诉讼权，完善官员复出机制等。
[Abstract]:The administrative accountability system for major environmental events refers to the fact that a specific subject of accountability intentionally or negligently fails to perform or improperly perform its statutory duties and obligations against the civil servants of governments at all levels and their environmental protection departments, resulting in the occurrence of major environmental events,A system of accountability that requires it to bear negative consequences in accordance with legal procedures.Perfecting the administrative accountability system for major environmental events is conducive to standardizing and constraining the administrative behavior of the government and civil servants, strengthening the sense of responsibility of the government and civil servants, changing the work style of the government and civil servants, promoting the reform of the cadre system, and establishing a government ruled by law.Responsible government, satisfied government, elite government.The administrative accountability system for major environmental events in our country has the following shortcomings: legislation, law enforcement, relief and so on.Legislative aspects: lack of a unified environmental accountability legal system, the current environmental accountability laws and regulations are low, the overall function of environmental accountability is not good; the lack of accountability subject, the accountability object is unclear, the scope of accountability is different; the initiation process is not standard,Public participation is not high and accountability results are not fully public; there are fewer legal provisions on environmental accountability, which are abstract in content and seriously unbalanced in power and accountability; and in law enforcement, unclear departmental responsibilities lead to the difficulty of determining accountability targets and inconsistent environmental accountability standards.The quality of some environmental accountability officials needs to be improved; in the aspect of relief, the object of accountability is lack of protection of the right of statement and litigation, the scope of accepting cases in administrative litigation needs to be broadened, and the mechanism of returning officials is not perfect, and so on.There are many reasons for the deficiency of the administrative accountability system in the major environmental events, including the concept factor, the system factor, the economic factor, the style factor, including the official standard thought is serious, the political achievement view is unscientific, the citizen accountability consciousness is weak;The party and government responsibilities are unclear, the boundaries of the responsibilities of the upper and lower levels are blurred, the power and responsibility of the deputy posts are not clear; the one-sided pursuit of GDP growth and the reform of the tax distribution system affect the local financial revenue; and government officials engage in power and money transactions and power transactions and so on.Therefore, it is necessary to perfect the administrative accountability system for major environmental events in our country: to establish the concept of rule of law of administrative accountability for major environmental events, to establish and perfect the legal system of administrative accountability system for major environmental events;Perfecting the provisions of the administrative accountability entity for major environmental events, such as strengthening heterogeneous accountability, clarifying the responsibilities of the object, widening the scope of accountability, perfecting the provisions of the administrative accountability procedures for major environmental events, standardizing the administrative accountability initiation procedures, and enhancing public participation,To disclose relevant information; to perfect the law enforcement of administrative accountability system for major environmental events, to clarify the responsibilities of environmental accountability departments, to formulate strict standards of accountability, to improve the quality of environmental accountability officials; to improve the relief and protection of administrative accountability system for major environmental events;The abstract administrative act and the internal administrative act should be brought into the scope of the administrative litigation to fully guarantee the accountability object's right of presentation, the right of litigation and the perfection of the mechanism of the official's return, etc.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1;D922.68

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