南海周边国家渔业立法对我国的影响及对策

发布时间：2018-04-09 16:13

本文选题：南海　切入点：渔业立法　出处：《海南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：南海是我国渔民的传统捕鱼区,其渔业资源总量巨大,种类丰富。我国人民最早发现、命名并利用南海诸岛,《更路簿》详细的记载了我国渔民在南海进行捕捞作业的航线以及岛礁名称、位置和特征等。自上世纪60年代末,南海周边国家纷纷通过渔业立法主张各自的渔业区划,鼓励本国渔民大力发展渔业,加之南海争端的复杂性,各国之间的渔业纠纷也日益增多,渔业问题成为南海争端的重要表现形式之一。大量渔业捕捞活动的进行导致近海渔业资源逐步衰退,周边国家渔民为获取更多的渔获及渔业补贴,甘愿冒风险赴更远的海域甚至是争议海域进行捕捞活动。非法捕捞活动愈演愈烈不仅使渔业纠纷更加复杂,也加速了南海渔业资源的衰退,破坏了南海渔业生态平衡。同时,也给我国在南海的渔业执法带来相当大的困难,严重侵犯了我国的领土主权及海洋权益。在这种形式下,一方面研究南海周边国家的渔业立法及对我国产生的影响,另一方面做好应对,完善我国的渔业制度以适应新形势下的渔业纠纷,同时加强沟通合作以期改变我国在长期的渔业纠纷中的被动局面,实现渔业问题的有效解决。本文以南海周边国家的主要渔业法律制度作为研究对象,分析其对我国渔业生产造成的影响,并提出建设性的完善对策。文章主要分为三个部分。一、周边国家渔业立法现状。由越南、菲律宾、马来西亚、印度尼西亚、文莱等南海周边国家的渔业立法入手,主要分析其捕捞限额制度、渔业区划制度、捕捞许可制度、渔业资源增殖与保护制度以及法律责任承担、渔业执法力量构成等主要渔业制度,重点研究渔业立法中的涉外制度,并基于此分析其渔业立法对我国的影响。二、周边国家渔业立法对我国的影响。南海周边国家渔业立法虽然是国内法,但在目前南海争端的背景下,对我国南海渔业生产、渔业资源、渔业监管尤其是渔民权益造成了深刻的影响。南海渔业问题长期存在,这其中虽然有一定的自身因素,但更主要的原因是由南海周边国家渔业立法及政策引起。因此,基于上一部分对周边国家主要渔业制度的介绍,分析在其影响下我国面临的主要渔业问题。三、应对南海周边国家渔业立法给我国带来的影响,应综合各方面因素,兼顾斗争与合作,通过多样化途径解决。该部分首先介绍我国渔业立法及相关研究情况,并针对周边国家渔业立法给我国带来的渔业问题提出完善及应对建议。应从自身出发,主动完善自身的渔业制度,维护渔民权益,鼓励渔业生产,加强渔业监管,严格渔业执法,积极主动地发挥文化与外交软实力,维护南海渔业权益。在当前形势下,和平发展仍是主旋律,应对周边国家渔业立法所带来的渔业问题不仅需要斗争更需要合作,在南海争端日趋复杂的形势下,借鉴世界上其他海域以及我国同日、韩等国已建立的渔业合作养护之机制,积极同南海周边国家在低敏感的渔业养护中进行合作不仅符合和平发展的主题,也体现了尊重国际法的大国担当。海洋渔业是我国农业生产的重要组成部分,南海的渔业生产尤为重要。目前,将周边国家渔业立法作为主要研究对象的科研成果较少,现有资料也十分缺乏。因此,准确把握周边国家的渔业立法及政策,妥善处理渔业纠纷,不仅对我国渔业发展有着重大意义,更有助于维护南海海洋生态平衡,促进区域和平发展。
[Abstract]:The South China Sea is a traditional fishing area for Chinese fishermen, the huge amount of fishery resources, abundant species. The Chinese people first discovered, named and the South China Sea Islands, "> more road book detailed records of Chinese fishermen fishing in the South China Sea Route and the island name, position and characteristics. Since the last century, 60s at the end of the South China Sea surrounding countries have adopted legislation of fishery fishery divisions respectively, encouraging fishermen to develop fishery, coupled with the complexity of the South China Sea disputes between countries fishery disputes are increasing, fisheries issues become one of the forms to the South China Sea dispute. A large number of fishing activities led to the gradual decline of fishery resources, neighboring countries in order to get more fishermen fishing and fisheries subsidies, be willing to take the risk to further out to sea and even disputed sea fishing activities. Illegal fishing activities intensified not only The fishery disputes more complex, also accelerated the decline of fishery resources in the South China Sea, South China Sea fishery destroyed the ecological balance. At the same time, but also to China in the South China Sea fishery law enforcement difficulty, a serious violation of China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests. In this form, an effect on neighboring countries fishery legislation and produce to our country, on the other hand to deal with, the perfection of the fishery system in order to adapt to the new situation of the fishery disputes, and strengthen communication and cooperation in order to change the passive situation of our country in the long-term fishery disputes, effectively solve the implementation of fishery problems. This paper takes the main fishery legal system of neighboring countries the South China Sea as the research object, analyze its impact on fishery production in our country, and put forward constructive countermeasures. The article is divided into three parts. First, the neighboring countries of fisheries legislation present situation. Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei and other countries around the South China Sea of fisheries legislation, mainly analyzes the fishing quota system, the system of regionalization of fishery, fishing license system, system and protection of fishery resources and the proliferation of legal liability, law enforcement forces constitute the main fishery fishery system, foreign system focuses on fisheries legislation, and based on the the influence analysis of its fishery legislation in our country. Two, affect the surrounding national fisheries legislation of neighboring countries. Although the domestic law legislation of fishery of South China Sea, but in the background of the South China Sea dispute, the South China Sea fishery production, China's fisheries resources, fisheries regulation especially the interests of fishermen caused a profound impact the South China Sea fishery. Problems exist for a long time, which although there are certain factors, but the main reason is caused by the neighboring countries legislation and policies. Therefore the South China Sea fishery, On the part of the neighboring countries main fishery system is introduced based on analysis of the main problems of China's fisheries under its influence. Three, with neighboring countries in the South China Sea fisheries legislation to the impact of China, various factors should be integrated, both struggle and cooperation, through various ways. This part first introduces the situation of our country fisheries legislation and related research, and for the neighboring countries to the fishery fishery legislation problems in China brings put forward and suggestions. Should take the initiative to improve their fishery system, safeguard the rights and interests of fishermen, encourage fishery production, strengthen fishery supervision, strict enforcement of fisheries, and actively develop cultural soft power and diplomacy, maintenance the South China Sea fishery rights. In the current situation, peace and development is still the main theme, fishery problems from neighboring countries to deal with fisheries legislation requires not only the struggle need more cooperation, in the South The Sea disputes increasingly complicated situation, learn from other sea world and China on the same day, the mechanism of maintenance of fishery cooperation established South Korea and other countries, and actively with the neighboring countries in the South China Sea fishery conservation in low sensitivity in cooperation not only conforms to the theme of peaceful development, but also reflects the respect for international law of marine fishery power play. Is an important part of China's agricultural production, fishery production in the South China Sea is particularly important. At present, the research results less fishery legislation of neighboring countries as the main object of study, the existing data are very lacking. Therefore, accurately grasp the fishery legislation and policy in the peripheral countries, properly handle the fishery disputes, not only has a great significance to me China fishery development, more conducive to the maintenance of the South China Sea marine ecological balance, promoting regional peace and development.

【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.4

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