中国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 08:21

本文选题：矿产资源开发 + 生态补偿　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着工业化、城镇化进程的快速推进,矿产资源作为经济发展的物质材料被不断开发,但随之产生了一系列严重的环境问题,使得生态保护与经济发展之间的关系日趋紧张,生态补偿制度在这种情况下应运而生。生态补偿制度被认为是协调利益的长效机制,但我国的矿产资源开发生态补偿制度在建设和实施过程中显现出了不少问题,制约着生态文明的建设进程,影响着和谐社会的构建。基于此,有必要以权利义务一致性理论、环境权理论和环境正义理论为依据,采用文献分析法和理论分析法,深入剖析中国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度的内涵、法律关系、建设成就及不足,为完善中国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度提供参考和支撑。本研究立足于权利义务一致性、环境正义等法学理论对中国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度的内涵进行了界定,认为其是调整矿产资源开发受益者与生态服务提供者之间生态补偿关系的制度的总称,生态利益的增减是补偿的核心依据。通过分析矿产资源开发生态补偿法律关系,明确了国家、矿产资源开发者等受益者是补偿的给付主体,矿区居民等生态服务提供者是受偿主体,生态环境、矿区居民等主体的生态增益行为是补偿的客体。其次,考察中国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度的建设和实施状况,分析认为存在以下问题:顶层设计滞后于矿区生态环境补偿的需求;矿山环境恢复治理保证金的缴存标准低、方式单一、缴存率低;矿产资源开发生态补偿税费的生态补偿性质不明、收入分配和使用不合理;矿山生态补偿示范项目实施范围狭窄、进程缓慢;监管机制不完善,这阻碍着生态补偿制度效用的发挥。再其次,考察国外的相关制度,总结其在完备的法律制度、严格的责任区分、科学的准入与退出机制、完善的资金筹集机制和监管保障制度方面对我国具有重要的借鉴意义。最后,在前文基础上,提出应加强立法,增加可操作性条款;通过提高标准、丰富缴存方式、建立严格的返还机制来完善矿山生态环境修复治理保证金制度,充分发挥保证金制度的约束和激励功能;对资源税等税费制度进行生态化改革,改善资源税等税费的分配体系,确保资源禀赋地补偿资金的充足;扩大绿色矿山等示范工程的实施范围与规模;建立科学严格的监管体制,实行垂直化管理体制,形成内外监督与外部监督相结合的监督体系,促进我国矿产资源开发生态补偿制度的完善。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, mineral resources, as a material material for economic development, have been continuously developed. However, a series of serious environmental problems have resulted in the increasingly tense relationship between ecological protection and economic development.Ecological compensation system came into being in this situation.Ecological compensation system is considered to be a long-term mechanism for coordinating interests. However, the ecological compensation system for mineral resources development in China shows many problems in the process of construction and implementation, which restricts the construction process of ecological civilization.It affects the construction of harmonious society.Based on this, it is necessary to analyze the connotation and legal relationship of the ecological compensation system of mineral resources development in China, based on the consistency theory of rights and obligations, the theory of environmental rights and the theory of environmental justice.The achievements and shortcomings of the construction provide reference and support for perfecting the ecological compensation system for mineral resources development in China.This study is based on the consistency of rights and obligations, environmental justice and other legal theories to define the connotation of the ecological compensation system for mineral resources development in China.It is considered that it is a general term for adjusting the ecological compensation relationship between the beneficiaries of mineral resources exploitation and the providers of ecological services, and the increase or decrease of ecological benefits is the core basis of compensation.By analyzing the legal relationship of ecological compensation for mineral resources development, it is clear that the state, the beneficiaries of mineral resources developers and other beneficiaries are the main body of compensation, and the ecological service providers such as the residents of mining areas are the subject of compensation and the ecological environment.The ecological gain behavior of mining residents is the object of compensation.Secondly, the construction and implementation of the ecological compensation system for mineral resources development in China are reviewed, and the following problems are found: the top level design lags behind the demand for ecological environment compensation in mining areas, the deposit standard of mine environment recovery and control margin is low,Single mode, low deposit rate, unclear nature of ecological compensation tax and fee for mineral resources development, unreasonable distribution and use of income, narrow scope of implementation of ecological compensation demonstration project in mines, slow progress, imperfect supervision mechanism,This hinders the effectiveness of ecological compensation system.Secondly, it is of great significance for our country to review the relevant systems of foreign countries and sum up their comprehensive legal system, strict responsibility differentiation, scientific access and exit mechanism, perfect fund raising mechanism and supervision and security system.Finally, on the basis of the above, it is proposed that legislation should be strengthened, operational clauses should be added, and the deposit system for the restoration and management of the ecological environment of mines should be improved by improving the standard, enriching the mode of deposit, and establishing a strict return mechanism.Give full play to the restriction and incentive function of the deposit system, carry on the ecological reform to the tax and fee system such as the resource tax, improve the distribution system of the tax and fee such as the resource tax, and ensure the adequacy of the compensation fund of the resource endowment;To expand the scope and scale of the implementation of demonstration projects such as green mines, to establish a scientific and strict regulatory system, to implement a vertical management system, and to form a supervisory system that combines internal and external supervision with external supervision,To promote the improvement of ecological compensation system for mineral resources development in China.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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