建立我国无居民海岛使用权救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 16:17

本文选题：无居民海岛 + 使用权　；参考：《中国海洋大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是世界上海岛最多的国家之一。据专项海岛调查统计,我国海岛数量为10312个(含港、澳、台地区)。从海岛社会属性来看,绝大部分海岛为无居民海岛,有居民海岛仅569个,占海岛总数的5.6%。科技的日新月异、生产力的长足发展,适航能力更强的船舶、通讯电力设施的改进等使得对边远的无居民海岛进行保护与合理开发成为可能。随着我国海洋经济的发展,海洋开发利用的深度和广度不断拓展。无居民海岛作为一种具有综合利用资源价值的自然资源越来越受到整个社会的重视。然而法律特有的稳定性所伴生的滞后性使相关法律制度并未满足现实的需要,无居民海岛使用权救济制度方面研究的匮乏表现得尤为突出。“无救济无权利”,救济制度的缺位必然导致无居民海岛使用权的落空,影响法律的权威性甚至成为威胁社会稳定的隐患。本文的写作初衷也即发轫于此。本文拟通过四章的阐述,旨在解决两方面问题：一方面,就如何保障2010年《海岛保护法》实施前已取得有效确权证书(如林权证、矿业权证、渔业权证、土地证和房权证等)的组织和个人的使用权,实现改革的平稳过渡提出意见和建议；另一方面依法取得的无居民海岛使用权在今后受到征收、征用或其他侵害该通过什么途径救济。随着海岛保护和开发的深入,这些问题成为各利益相关方和有关部门共同关注的话题。第一章主要对无居民海岛使用权基本问题进行概述,通过对基本概念、基本特征、基本事实的把握为进一步的研究抛砖引玉,做好理论铺垫。首先辨析无居民海岛的概念,接着界定无居民海岛使用权概念的及特征,最后简介了我国无居民海岛开发利用现状。其中第二部分,无居民海岛使用权与相关准物权的冲突及其原因分析,从理论上剖析了上段第一方面问题的成因;行使无居民海岛使用权应坚持的原则强调了保护优先的原则,这是无居民海岛特殊属性决定的也是必须坚持的科学原则。第二章即从两方面提出我国无居民海岛使用权方面存在的问题：无居民海岛权属历史遗留的问题和无居民海岛使用权的信赖保护。通过对相关背景、成因的分析详述本文拟解决的两个问题,为下一步对策的提出提供了理论上的支撑。第三、四两章即分别对上述两方面问题提出合理化的设想。第三章探讨了我国无居民海岛历史遗留问题的解决。包括国外解决无居民海岛使用权历史遗留问题法律制度借鉴：解决无居民海岛历史遗留问题的前提——无居民海岛实行集中统一管理,探讨了无居民海岛实行集中统一管理的必要性和可行性;通过介绍部分沿海城市的经验进而构想无居民海岛权属历史遗留问题的解决思路。第四章对无居民海岛使用权救济方式探究与完善。从土地征收的一般概念入手详述了征收补偿的理论基础、土地征收补偿的原则、征收合法的要件、征用及征用补偿救济之完善,进而落脚到无居民海岛使用权的征收补偿——结合我国实际国情探索多元化的救济模式’,建议建立起一套以征收补偿为主,结合立法救济、司法救济、程序救济、专门机构救济、设立无居民海岛开发基会,并创新其他多元救济途径(合伙经营、建立使用优先权制度、构建补偿金预存制度、合理引导政策激励)为辅的无居民海岛使用权救济模式是当今形势下的较好选择。
[Abstract]:China is one of the world's largest island countries. According to the special island survey, the number of China's 10312 Islands (including Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan). From the view of social attributes of the vast majority of island island, uninhabited islands, some residents of the island is only 569, accounting for the total number of islands 5.6%. technology change rapidly. The rapid development of productive forces, seaworthiness, communications power facilities improvement of remote uninhabited islands for protection and rational development possible. With the development of China's marine economy, marine development and utilization of the depth and breadth of expanding. Non residents of the island as a kind of comprehensive utilization of natural resources and resources the value of the whole society more attention. However, the unique legal lag stability associated with the relevant legal system does not meet the needs of the reality, the right to use uninhabited islands relief system The lack of performance is particularly prominent. "No relief, no right", the lack of relief system will inevitably lead to the right to use uninhabited islands to influence the authority of law, and even become a threat to social stability. The purpose of this article is originated from this. This paper through four chapters, aims at two problems: on the one hand, how to keep the 2010 "Island Protection Law > before implementing effective ownership certificate (such as warrants, mining warrants, fishery warrants, land permits and housing warrants) organizations and individuals the right to use, put forward opinions and suggestions to achieve a smooth transition of reform made in accordance with the law; on the other hand the right to use uninhabited islands in the future by the expropriation, requisition or other violation of the relief through what way. With the island protection and development, these problems become the stakeholders and the relevant departments jointly. Note the topic. The first chapter summarizes the basic problems of the right to use uninhabited islands, the basic characteristics of the basic concepts, basic grasp the facts for further research, paving the way for the theory. Firstly, the concept of non residents of the island, then the definition of non residents the right to use the Island concept and characteristic, finally introduced the status of development and utilization of islands with no residents in China. In the second part, reasons and conflicts of the right to use uninhabited islands and quasi real right, from the theoretical analysis of the causes of upper part of the first question; the exercise of the right to use uninhabited islands should adhere to the principle of emphasizing the principle of conservation priority, this is the scientific principle of uninhabited islands the special attributes of decision also must adhere to. The second chapter put forward China's right to use uninhabited islands existing problems from two aspects: the historical ownership of uninhabited islands The left and the right to use uninhabited islands trust protection. Based on the related background, the analysis of the causes in this paper to solve two problems, providing the theoretical support for the next step. In third, the 42 chapter respectively for the above two problems, put forward reasonable. The third chapter discusses the residents of the island to solve the historical issues in China. Including foreign countries to solve the right to use uninhabited islands legacy legal system reference: non residents of the island to solve the historical issues premise to implement centralized management of uninhabited islands, uninhabited islands discusses necessity and feasibility of the implementation of centralized management; through the introduction of part of the coastal the city's experiences and thoughts ideas to solve problems left over by history of the residents of the island ownership. The fourth chapter is to explore and improve the right to use uninhabited islands from soil remedies. The general concept of the imposition of detailed theoretical basis of compensation for expropriation, land expropriation compensation principle, expropriation legal elements, expropriation and requisition compensation to improve the relief, and then to the right to use uninhabited islands of the expropriation compensation -- combined with China's actual conditions to explore the relief mode "diversified, establish a set of recommendations to levy compensation, combined with the legislative relief, judicial relief, relief procedures, specialized agencies set up relief, no radical development of residents of the island, and other relief ways (multivariate innovation partnership, establish system, priority construction compensation stored system, a reasonable guide policy incentives) supplemented by the right to use uninhabited Islands relief pattern is a good choice for the current situation.

【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.6

【参考文献】