公物利用救济论

发布时间：2018-05-02 05:37

本文选题：公物利用 + 主观公权利　；参考：《广西大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在现代社会,构建服务型政府已成为各国政治改革和发展的主流趋势。服务型政府理念从根本上要求行政机关转变职能、加大社会供给力度,以便更好地满足社会公众的需求。公物作为行政主体开展活动之“物的手段”,承载着行政主体为公众提供生存照顾的重要使命,而保障公众利用公物的权利,构建无漏洞的公物利用侵权救济机制,正是落实这一重要使命的关键!纵观国外主要发达国家的立法与理论,公物制度的研究取得了一定成果,在公物利用的救济问题上,已形成居民诉讼、公物致害国家赔偿等救济途径以及一般给付判决、预防性停止作为判决等救济方式。相比而言,我国对公物制度的研究只是刚刚起步,在公物利用的救济问题上,尤其存在理论上的争议与实践中的空白。首先,学界对公物的界定、公物利用的性质等基础理论缺乏正确认识,以致相关救济问题不受重视。其次,学界对公物利用法律关系的复式结构研究不足,对公物利用法律关系中的权利(力)配置、关系、性质也缺乏深入剖析,以致对公物利用的救济对象、途径把握不当。最后,学界在研究纷繁复杂的公物利用侵权形态时,往往忽略类型思维的重要性,没有形成类型化的侵权形态认识与体系化的救济机制设计。在文章结构上,笔者探讨公物利用的救济问题,遵循以下思路：第一章介绍公物利用的基础理论。界定何为公物,为后文大量运用公物实例展开分析奠定基础；探讨公物利用的性质,分别从研究现状与历史沿革这两个角度展开,揭示公物利用的复合型主观公权利性质,有权利必有救济。第二章介绍公物利用救济的对象。通常认为救济是“第二性权利”,作为救济对象的权利(即原权利、第一性权利)寓于一定法律关系之中。在公物利用法律关系中,欲了解被侵害进而需要救济的是何人的何种性质的权利,需要对公物利用法律关系的权利(力)结构展开分析,不同性质的权利遵循不同的救济途径,而权力则不需要救济。第三章介绍公物利用救济的现状。公物利用的侵权形态呈现多样化,可能因公物运营所处阶段而异,可能因侵权行为方式而异,可能因受侵害的主观公权利种类而异；分析公众用公物在设立、维护、废止阶段所可能存在的公物利用侵权形态以及公务用公物常见的公物利用侵权形态；对当前救济途径、救济方式的瓶颈展开论述。第四章介绍公物利用救济的完善。在救济途径的完善上,分别从行政诉讼内救济与行政诉讼外救济两个方面提出完善公物利用救济机制的建议；在救济方式的完善上,强调应兼顾现有救济方式的改良与阙如救济方式的增设。
[Abstract]:In modern society, the construction of service-oriented government has become the mainstream trend of political reform and development in various countries. The concept of service-oriented government fundamentally requires the administrative organs to change their functions and increase the social supply in order to better meet the needs of the public. As a means of carrying out activities of administrative subject, public property bears the important mission of providing survival care for the public, and guarantees the right of public use of public property, and constructs the remedy mechanism of infringement of public property utilization without loopholes. It is the key to this important mission! Throughout the legislation and theory of the main developed countries abroad, the research on the public property system has made certain achievements. On the issue of relief for the use of public property, it has formed the relief channels such as residents' litigation, state compensation for damage caused by public property, and general payment judgment. Preventive cessation as a remedy such as judgment. In contrast, the study of public property system in our country is just beginning, especially in the issue of relief of public property utilization, there are theoretical disputes and gaps in practice. First of all, the definition of public property, the nature of public property and other basic theories lack of correct understanding, so that the related relief issues are not taken seriously. Secondly, the academic research on the compound structure of the legal relationship of public property utilization is insufficient, and the allocation of rights (force) in the legal relationship of the use of public property and the nature of the relationship are also lack of in-depth analysis, which leads to the improper grasp of the way of the relief object of the use of public property. Finally, the academic circles often ignore the importance of type thinking when they study the complicated forms of tort of public property, and do not form the understanding of the type of tort form and the design of relief mechanism of systematization. In the structure of the article, the author discusses the relief of the use of public property, following the following ideas: The first chapter introduces the basic theory of public property utilization. To define what is public property, to lay a foundation for the analysis of mass use of public property in the following years, to explore the nature of public property utilization, to reveal the compound subjective public right nature of public property utilization from the perspectives of current research status and historical evolution, respectively. Where there is power, there is relief. The second chapter introduces the object of public property relief. It is generally considered that relief is a "second right", and the rights (that is, original rights and primary rights), which are the object of relief, are in a certain legal relationship. In the legal relationship of public property utilization, in order to know who's rights of what nature are infringed and need to be remedied, it is necessary to analyze the structure of the right (force) of the public property to use the legal relationship, and the rights of different nature follow different ways of relief. Power, on the other hand, does not require relief. The third chapter introduces the current situation of the use of public property relief. The forms of infringement of public property use may vary according to the stage in which the public property is operated, may be different from the mode of infringement, and may be different from the type of subjective public right infringed upon; the analysis of the public use of public property is in the process of setting up, maintaining, and maintaining the public property. The form of tort of public property utilization and the common form of tort of public property used in public property during the annulment stage are discussed, and the current remedy ways and the bottleneck of relief mode are discussed. The fourth chapter introduces the perfection of public property utilization relief. In the aspect of improving the remedy ways, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to perfect the relief mechanism of public property from the two aspects of the internal relief in the administrative litigation and the relief outside the administrative litigation, and on the perfection of the relief mode, Emphasis should be given to the improvement of the existing relief mode and the addition of the lack of relief mode.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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