论未成年人的刑事责任

发布时间：2018-05-02 19:33

本文选题：未成年人犯罪 + 刑事责任　；参考：《安徽大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：未成年人是国家的希望,民族的未来。中国梦的最终实现离不开未成年人的健康、茁壮成长。尽管党和政府高度关心和重视未成年人的成长,但未成年人在社会中仍属弱势群体,需要社会更多的呵护与关爱。近年来,由于各种消极因素和家庭、学校、社会中的不良环境的影响,未成年人犯罪呈日益上升的趋势,未成年人违法犯罪问题日渐突出。在全社会营造有利于未成年人健康成长的法治环境刻不容缓。由于未成年人在认识能力与控制能力等方面具有与成年人不同的、独特的身心特点,各国刑事立法在确定未成年人刑事责任时,一般都从未成年人的身心特征出发,对其处置作出不同于成年犯的特别规定。这一点上,我国也不例外。西方国家奉行“国亲思想”,尤其在刑事诉讼程序方面,未成年人承担刑事责任有其自身的特点。我国古代刑法基于封建伦理、礼法并用的内在要求,对未成年人犯罪大都采取或减或免的刑事政策。构建完善的未成年人刑事司法制度,首先要确定合理的刑事责任年龄。在刑事责任年龄划分问题上,各国规定不尽相同,大体可以划分为两分制、三分制和四分制。我国理论界对未成年人刑事责任年龄的划分存在争议,基于未成年人犯罪低龄化、身心早熟化等原因,把未成年人刑事责任年龄降至13周岁是可行的。除此之外,还应构建相应的刑事制度配套实施,除非是恶性暴力案件,社会危害性极大,才可以启动程序。世界各国在未成年人刑事责任立法模式方面各有千秋,根据不同的标准可划分为不同的模式。我国刑法一直采取分散立法模式来规定未成年人刑事责任。这种模式不利于少年司法的实现,也不利于未成年的刑事法律保护。建议在刑法中设专章规定未成年人刑事责任。关于未成年人相对负刑事责任的范围,学术界存在争议。罪刑法定原则应贯穿于刑法的始终,严格解释未成年人相对负刑事责任的范围才是科学合理的。完善未成年人刑事责任,应从实体法和程序法两大方面着手。我国现行实体法体现了对未成年人的特殊保护,但也存在不足之处,有待于进一步的立法完善。新刑诉法的一大亮点是对未成年人刑事案件在程序设计上给予特别关注,如何具体适用方面,相关司法解释还应进一步的予以明确。完备的立法是完善未成年人刑事法律制度的前提和基础,健全我国未成年人刑事法律制度是加强未成年人保护的应有之义。
[Abstract]:Minors are the hope of the country and the future of the nation. Chinese Dream's final realization can not be separated from the health of minors, thrive. Although the Party and the government attach great importance to the growth of minors, minors are still weak groups in society and need more care and care. In recent years, due to various negative factors and the influence of bad environment in family, school and society, juvenile delinquency is on the rise day by day, and the problem of juvenile delinquency is becoming more and more prominent. It is urgent to create a legal environment conducive to the healthy growth of minors in the whole society. Due to the unique physical and mental characteristics of minors in the aspects of cognitive ability and control ability, the criminal legislation of various countries generally starts from the mental and physical characteristics of minors when determining the criminal responsibility of minors. Special provisions are made for their treatment which are different from those for adult offenders. On this point, our country is no exception. Western countries pursue the thought of KMT, especially in the criminal procedure, minors bear criminal responsibility has its own characteristics. Based on the feudal ethics and the inherent requirement of the use of etiquette and law, the ancient criminal law of our country mostly adopts the criminal policy of reducing or exempting juvenile delinquency. To construct a perfect juvenile criminal justice system, we must first determine a reasonable age of criminal responsibility. In the problem of age division of criminal responsibility, countries have different regulations, which can be divided into two points system, three points system and four points system. It is feasible to reduce the age of criminal responsibility of minors to the age of 13 because of the low age of juvenile delinquency and the precocity of body and mind. In addition, the corresponding criminal system should be constructed, unless it is a case of vicious violence, social harm is great, can start the procedure. Every country in the world has its own legislative model of juvenile criminal responsibility, which can be divided into different models according to different standards. China's criminal law has always adopted a decentralized legislative model to regulate the criminal liability of minors. This model is not conducive to the realization of juvenile justice, but also not conducive to the protection of juvenile criminal law. It is suggested that a special chapter should be set up in the criminal law to regulate the criminal liability of minors. There is controversy about the scope of relative criminal responsibility of minors. The principle of legally prescribed punishment for a crime should run through the criminal law, and it is scientific and reasonable to strictly explain the scope of relative criminal responsibility of minors. To perfect the criminal responsibility of minors, we should start from two aspects: substantive law and procedural law. The current substantive law of our country embodies the special protection for minors, but there are still some shortcomings, which need to be further improved. One of the highlights of the new Criminal procedure Law is to pay special attention to the procedure design of juvenile criminal cases. How to apply the relevant judicial interpretation should be further clarified. Perfect legislation is the premise and foundation of perfecting juvenile criminal law system.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D924.1;D922.183

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