食品安全风险评估制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 11:52

本文选题：食品安全 + 风险评估　；参考：《苏州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会科学技术手段的不断发展，风险防范的种类和难度都在不断增加，，使得我们全面处于“风险社会”中，但是“风险社会”的理论要求并非是杜绝风险的发生，而是通过风险评估、风险管理、风险交流将风险控制在大众所能接受的范围内，因此风险评估成为连接科学和法律极其重要的一个环节。随着《食品安全法》食品安全风险监测和评估制度的形成，国务院《食品安全法实施条例》的出台以及《食品安全风险评估管理规定（试行）》的实施，国家食品安全风险评估专家委员会和国家食品安全风险评估中心的成立，我国食品安全风险评估的制度框架已基本成型。但是从其设置和实施过程来看，仍存在以下问题：一是风险评估具有不确定性；二是食品安全风险评估机构有待健全，主要从风险评估的依附性、专家委员会专家遴选程序的问题、评估机构设置有待健全、专家自身存在的问题几点来分析；三是法律对风险评估的优先次序规定存在问题；四是风险评估的具体操作程序设置不完善；五是风险评估制度相配套机制如风险交流、缺乏公众参与的机制保障、缺乏统一的安全标准等问题。相比而言，欧盟、日本等国家作为这一制度的最先践行者，相继以法律的形式确定了风险评估制度，通过专门的机构和配套制度的设置来保障风险评估的科学性和有效性。为解决我国食品安全风险评估制度存在的问题，笔者建议在分析我国目前食品安全风险评估模式基础之上，借鉴欧盟等国成功的制度经验，从以下几个方面进行完善：一是完善食品安全风险评估机构，从风险评估主体的多元转变、专家科学性和独立性保障、公众参与“度”的保障等角度来完善风险评估机构；二是完善食品安全风险评估议程设置，从拓宽风险评估建议渠道、明确评估操作程序和风险信息发布程序等角度来思考；三是完善风险评估制度相关配套机制，包括风险交流机制、监督机制、法院司法审查制等。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of social science technology, the types and difficulties of risk prevention are increasing, which makes us in a "risk society", but the theoretical requirement of "risk society" is not to put an end to the occurrence of risk. Instead, risk assessment, risk management, and risk communication control risk within a range acceptable to the public, so risk assessment becomes an extremely important link between science and law. With the formation of the food safety risk monitoring and assessment system of the Food Safety Law, the promulgation of the regulations on the implementation of the State Council's Food Safety Law and the implementation of the provisions on the Management of Food Safety risk Assessment (trial implementation), With the establishment of the National Food Safety risk Assessment expert Committee and the National Food Safety risk Assessment Center, the institutional framework of food safety risk assessment in China has been basically formed. However, from the point of view of its establishment and implementation process, there are still the following problems: first, the risk assessment is uncertain; second, the food safety risk assessment institutions need to be improved, mainly from the dependence of risk assessment. The problems of the expert selection procedure of the expert committee, the establishment of the evaluation organization need to be perfected, the problems of the experts themselves are analyzed, the third is the problems of the law on the priority of the risk assessment; Fourth, the concrete operation procedure of the risk assessment is not perfect, the fifth is the risk assessment system matching mechanism such as risk exchange, the lack of public participation mechanism protection, the lack of unified safety standards and so on. In contrast, the European Union, Japan and other countries, as the first practitioners of this system, have established the risk assessment system in the form of law one after another, to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of risk assessment through the setting of special institutions and supporting systems. In order to solve the problems existing in the food safety risk assessment system in China, the author suggests that based on the analysis of the current food safety risk assessment model in China, the successful institutional experience of the European Union and other countries should be used for reference. It is perfect from the following aspects: first, perfect the food safety risk assessment organization, perfect the risk assessment organization from the angle of the multiple transformation of the risk assessment main body, the expert scientific and independent guarantee, the public participation "degree" safeguard and so on; Second, to perfect the food safety risk assessment agenda setting, to consider from the angle of broadening the risk assessment suggestion channel, defining the evaluation operation procedure and the risk information issuing procedure; third, perfecting the relevant supporting mechanism of the risk assessment system, Including the risk exchange mechanism, the supervision mechanism, the court judicial review system and so on.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

【参考文献】