针对特定对象的社会募捐相关法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 05:20

本文选题：社会募捐 + 公益信托　；参考：《烟台大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对特定对象的社会募捐是募集人以特定受益人的特定受助事由为号召，向不特定的社会公众公开募集款项和物资的行为。随着经济的发展，我国的社会保障制度虽有了较大的发展，，但尚不十分健全，社会募捐在救助困难个体方面发挥着十分重要的作用。但由于我国目前尚无相应的法律来规范和调整社会募捐行为，在实践中，社会募捐引发的矛盾和纠纷也不断的产生，引发了社会的广泛关注。因此有必要对社会募捐行为进行研究。本文的第一部分分析了社会募捐行为的法律定性问题。首先介绍社会募捐行为的概念、分类以及与公益捐赠的区别；然后通过介绍几则案例，阐述关于社会募捐行为的几种学说观点，并进行了简要分析。第二部分，通过信托理论与社会募捐行为的对比分析，认为应将社会募捐定性为信托行为。然后通过对信托设立方式以及公益信托的公益性特征的分析，最终将社会募捐行为定性为默示设立的公益信托。第三部分，以公益信托理论为依托，结合我国《信托法》中关于信托关系三方当事人权利义务的相关规定，分析了社会募捐公益信托募集人、捐赠人和受益人的权利和义务。第四部分，深入研究社会募捐的信托化管理制度。阐述社会募捐募集人的资格以及募捐发起的批准登记制度；分析了募捐客体的范围以及对募捐财产的合法性要求，并结合域外对募捐剩余财产余额的立法和经验，提出以近似原则来处置社会募捐的剩余财产；建议建立募捐监察人制度和信息公开制度，完善社会募捐的监管机制。第五部分，针对募集人在社会募捐中掌握和控制募集所得财产的特殊地位，建议建立相应的法律责任追究制度，主要是民事责任追究制度，以此保证募集人义务的切实履行。
[Abstract]:Social collection for specific objects is the act of collecting funds and materials from the non-specific public by the specific cause of the beneficiaries. With the development of economy, the social security system of our country has made great progress, but it is not perfect yet. The social fundraising plays a very important role in helping the needy individuals. However, there is no corresponding law to regulate and adjust the behavior of social fund-raising in our country. In practice, contradictions and disputes caused by social fund-raising have been constantly produced, which has aroused widespread concern of the society. Therefore, it is necessary to study the social fund-raising behavior. The first part of this paper analyzes the legal nature of social fund-raising behavior. This paper first introduces the concept, classification and the difference between social fund-raising behavior and public donation, and then, by introducing several cases, expounds several theoretical viewpoints on social fund-raising behavior, and makes a brief analysis. In the second part, through the comparative analysis of trust theory and social fund-raising behavior, the author thinks that social fundraising should be regarded as trust behavior. Then, through the analysis of the way of establishing trust and the public welfare characteristic of public trust, the behavior of social fundraising is characterized as implied public trust. The third part, based on the theory of public trust, combined with the relevant provisions about the rights and obligations of the three parties in trust law, analyzes the rights and obligations of public trust collectors, donors and beneficiaries. The fourth part, deeply studies the trust management system of social fundraising. Expounding the qualifications of social fundraisers and the system of approval and registration for the initiation of the collection, analyzing the scope of the object of the collection and the legal requirements for the collection of property, and combining the legislation and experience of the extraterritorial collection of surplus property, It is proposed that the surplus property of social fund-raising should be disposed of on the basis of approximate principle, and that the system of supervisor and public information should be set up to perfect the supervision mechanism of social fund-raising. In the fifth part, in view of the special position of the collector in the social collection, it is suggested to establish the corresponding legal liability investigation system, mainly the civil liability investigation system, so as to ensure the effective implementation of the collector's obligation.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.182;D922.282

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