计划生育政策下公民权利的立法保障

发布时间：2018-05-11 16:07

本文选题：计划生育政策 + 公民权利保障　；参考：《烟台大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：通过梳理中国计划生育政策和法律发展史,发现其是从“政策先行,法律不动”到“政策先行,法律随后”再到“政策与法律比肩并行”这样一个发展脉络;无论计划生育政策还是法律都在不断地做出修正,以适应时代的发展;维护公民的基本权益成为计划生育政策和法律发展的主旋律。我国计划生育政策和法律中对公民的权利保障制度主要有:对失独家庭的特别扶助制度;基本项目计划生育技术免费服务制度;计划生育的保障和奖励制度;法律责任追究制度;公民休息权的保障制度等。由于政策疏忽和立法不完善,计划生育政策实施过程中对公民权利保障也存在许多问题,如:胎儿性别的生育知情权受到限制;生育权的保护过于抽象不利于维权;女性平等就业权保护不足;胎儿生命权被忽视;公民经济权与平等权受侵害;特别扶助制度存在扶助标准过低、方式过于简单、标准不一、动态调整机制不完善等等。鉴于当前我国计划生育政策和法律中存在的问题,笔者从立法角度出发,建议调整计划生育政策理念,在基本国策不动摇的前提下,由之前的指令性计划调整为指导性计划,将保障公民权利作为立法目的,确立法治框架下的人口生育政策;同时对计划生育政策立法实践环节进行有效调整,将生育权、胎儿生命权的保护写入宪法,调整女性平等就业权的保护思路,废除社会抚养费的征收,完善特别扶助制度,同时建设实体法与程序法、根本法与普通法、一般法和特别法的三维立体的计划生育法律体系。
[Abstract]:Through combing the development history of China's family planning policy and law, it is found that it is a development thread from "policy first, law not moving" to "policy first", "law then" to "policy and law parallel". Both the family planning policy and the law are constantly revised to adapt to the development of the times, and safeguarding the basic rights and interests of citizens has become the main theme of the development of family planning policy and law. In our country's family planning policy and law, the protection system of citizens' rights mainly includes: special support system for families without independence, free service system for basic family planning technology, protection and reward system for family planning; The system of investigating legal responsibility and the guarantee system of citizen's right to rest, etc. Due to policy negligence and imperfect legislation, there are many problems in the implementation of the family planning policy, such as: the right to know about the birth of the fetus sex is restricted, the protection of the reproductive right is too abstract and not conducive to the protection of human rights; The female equal employment right protection is insufficient; the fetal life right is ignored; the citizen economic right and the equality right is infringed; the special support system exists the support standard is too low, the way is too simple, the standard is different, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is not perfect and so on. In view of the problems existing in the family planning policy and law of our country, the author proposes to adjust the concept of family planning policy from the legislative point of view, and to change from the previous directive plan to the guiding plan on the premise that the basic national policy is unshakable. Taking the protection of the rights of citizens as the legislative purpose and establishing the population reproductive policy under the framework of the rule of law, at the same time effectively adjusting the legislative practice of the family planning policy, including the protection of reproductive rights and the right to life of the foetus, in the Constitution, We should adjust the way of protection of women's equal right to employment, abolish the collection of social alimony, perfect the system of special support, and at the same time build a three-dimensional legal system of family planning with substantive law and procedural law, basic law and common law, general law and special law.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

【参考文献】