论患者自主权的阻却

发布时间：2018-05-25 04:20

本文选题：自主权 + 医患关系　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：患者自主权的阻却是为了弥补患者自主权在立法与实践中的不足而提出的，这一理论尊重医疗行业的特性，认可医方的部分特权，兼顾医疗机构及其人员合法权益的保护，最终同样能够保护患者的合法权益。其思想根源是医疗父权主义与意思自治碰撞后的产物。理论的提出表面上与患者自主权存在必然冲突，但其实质是为了弥补意思自治的缺陷，本质上仍然是为了保护患者的合法权益，故而可以说患者自主权与患者自主权阻却是对立统一的。本文首先概述现阶段医患关系的时代特征与医疗纠纷频发现象的时代背景，在认可患者自主权合理性的前提之下，认为患者自主权阻却同样有其存在的必要性，，并认为应当对这一理论体系进行系统分析，为立法者提供借鉴。故而文章接下来立足于我国现行法律法规之规定，着重分析《侵权行为法》中关于医疗侵权责任特别是第五十五条关于医疗机构说明告知义务的规定，以及第五十六条关于紧急情况下救治措施采取的规定。然后结合国内外关于患者自主权的理论研究与实践经验，总结实践中的问题以及因此而发现的立法上的缺陷，认为现行立法远远不能满足实践中对于医患纠纷的处理与医患双方权益保护的需求，从而认定单独的自主权立法并不能完全意义上保护患者的合法权益、较为妥善的解决医患纠纷，必须要同时认可患者自主权的存在。进而患者自主权阻却理论进行系统的分析与总结，侧重于分析阻却前提条件的认定，包括现行法律虽未明确规定但实际操作中有所认可的法定情形以及医疗实践中出于公序良俗等法律原则所采取的习惯情形。并且根据两大前提条件的分析所总结出的患者自主权阻却形式的分类，从而进行分类分析。并最后对自主权阻却的后果与责任承担进行分析讨论，构筑完整的患者自主权阻却理论体系。笔者通过对现阶段医疗实践的分析，结合大量案例以及用于处理案件的法律法规的相关规定，参阅国内外相关领域的资料，以发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的思路进行全文的写作，力图对患者自主权阻却理论形成一个体系化的认识，并认为本理论在解决现阶段医患纠纷、保护患者乃至医患双方的合法权益当中皆可以发挥十分重要的作用，应当被现行法律所明确认可且应当有更详细之规定。
[Abstract]:The obstruction of patient autonomy is put forward to make up for the deficiency of patient autonomy in legislation and practice. This theory respects the characteristics of the medical profession, recognizes some of the privileges of the medical side, and takes into account the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of medical institutions and their personnel. Ultimately, it can also protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients. Its ideological root is the product of the collision between medical patriarchy and will autonomy. On the surface, there is an inevitable conflict between the theory and patients' autonomy, but its essence is to make up for the defects of autonomy of will, and in essence, to protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients. Therefore, it can be said that patient autonomy and patient autonomy block is the unity of opposites. This paper first summarizes the characteristics of the doctor-patient relationship and the background of the frequent medical disputes at the present stage. On the premise of recognizing the rationality of patient autonomy, the author thinks that patient autonomy resistance has its own necessity. The author thinks that the theoretical system should be systematically analyzed to provide reference for legislators. Therefore, based on the provisions of current laws and regulations of our country, the article focuses on the analysis of the provisions of the Tort Law concerning the liability for medical tort, especially Article 55 on the obligation to inform medical institutions. And article 56 on emergency measures to take provisions. Then combined with the theoretical research and practical experience of patients' autonomy at home and abroad, summed up the problems in practice and the legislative defects found as a result, It is considered that the current legislation is far from satisfying the needs of the treatment of doctor-patient disputes and the protection of the rights and interests of both doctors and patients in practice, so as to conclude that separate autonomous legislation cannot fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of patients. In order to solve the doctor-patient dispute properly, we must recognize the existence of patient autonomy at the same time. Then the theory of patient autonomy resistance is systematically analyzed and summarized, with emphasis on the determination of the premise of resistance. It includes the legal situation, which is not clearly stipulated in the current law but has been approved in practice, and the customary situation adopted by the legal principles of public order and good custom in medical practice. And according to the two prerequisites of the analysis of the summary of patient autonomy block form classification, so as to classify the analysis. Finally, the consequences and responsibilities of autonomy resistance are analyzed and discussed, and a complete theoretical system of patient autonomy resistance is constructed. By analyzing the current medical practice, combining with a large number of cases and the relevant provisions of laws and regulations used to deal with cases, the author refers to the information in relevant fields at home and abroad in order to find and analyze problems. The idea of solving the problem is to write the full text, trying to form a systematic understanding of the theory of patient autonomy obstruction, and thinking that this theory is solving the doctor-patient disputes at the present stage. The protection of the legitimate rights and interests of patients and even doctors and patients can play a very important role, which should be explicitly recognized by the current law and should have more detailed provisions.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923;D922.16

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