建设用地国有制的逻辑、挑战及变革

发布时间：2018-06-01 04:40

本文选题：土地公有制 + 建设用地　；参考：《法学研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：在计划经济和人民公社体制下,全民所有制和集体所有制承载了城乡土地资源的权力性支配职能,以此形成了城乡二元的建设用地使用和管理制度。人民公社体制消解及计划经济体制转型后,集体所有制的权力性支配取向与国家意志产生了偏离,农村地区乱占滥用耕地的现象愈渐严重。在规约土地利用和土地资源市场化配置的社会性管制制度无法快速形成的情况下,权力性支配框架得以延续并得到改造,原本由全民所有制和集体所有制分别承载的权力性支配职能被集中于全民所有制,由此确立了建设用地国有制。建设用地国有制的实现依赖于征收,但计划经济体制下基于"国家需要"的征收正当化论述,无法容纳市场经济体制下的"市场需要"和"个人需要",产生了征地正当性的疑问。权力性支配的逻辑也与市场逻辑相背离。在土地使用制度改革中,应当剥离所有制的权力性支配职能;土地公有的公共职能则应聚焦于居住权的保障和土地收益的分配。
[Abstract]:Under the planned economy and the people's commune system, the ownership by the whole people and the collective ownership carry the power dominating function of the land resources in urban and rural areas, thus forming the dual construction land use and management system in urban and rural areas. After the dissolution of the people's commune system and the transformation of the planned economy system, the power dominance of collective ownership deviates from the will of the country, and the phenomenon of misappropriation of cultivated land in rural areas becomes more and more serious. When the social control system regulating land use and land resources marketization can not be formed rapidly, the framework of power domination can be extended and reformed. The power dominating function which was originally carried by the ownership of the whole people and collective ownership was concentrated in the ownership of the whole people, thus establishing the state ownership of construction land. The realization of state ownership of construction land depends on expropriation, but under the planned economy system, the justification of expropriation based on "national needs" is discussed. "Market needs" and "personal needs" under the market economy system can not be accommodated, which leads to the question of the legitimacy of land requisition. The logic of power domination also deviates from the market logic. In the reform of land use system, the power controlling function of ownership should be separated, and the public function of land public should be focused on the protection of residence right and the distribution of land income.
【作者单位】：上海财经大学法学院;
【分类号】：D922.33

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