宋代土地交易制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 07:20

本文选题：两宋商业 + 官田交易　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：公元960年宋太祖赵匡胤以和平禅让的形式将五代时后周的柴氏王朝几乎无流血过渡为赵氏的宋朝。宋代吸取唐朝武将节度使操纵国家命运的教训，杯酒释兵权，解除武将参与朝政的机会，实行文官统治。反过来，文官统治导致军事不重视，加上北方的民族强悍，使得宋朝经常受侵，先忍让于辽、金，后又退守江南，几近不能抵挡，终被北方蒙古元所灭，因此，给后人印象大多是国运不济，国力孱弱。其实，宋朝是中华民族历史上的黄金时期，宋朝使中国成为世界上经济繁荣的国家。在宋王朝统治的三百年中，中国的经济和文化的发展走在世界的前列，有数据表明，宋代中国的GDP占到世界的百分之六十。它改变了农业经济为主要的产业支柱，出现了其他产业，如商业、手工艺的发展。资料记载宋亡后欧洲有学习借鉴宋代的经济发展模式。在晚唐经济中心南移，南方相对北方战争形势稳定，大量的人迁移到南方，带来了精湛的生产工艺和先进的技术。大量的劳动力、宋王朝统治者执行开明政策、宋代思想文化高度繁荣和商人的政治地位较高使得两宋商业的快速发展。宋代在经济、文化、科学技术、农业、工业和商业、手工业和其他方面已达到高峰期，其成就几乎超越之前隋唐时期和之后明清两代，它是唯一的中国历史上较为开放的商业王朝，对外进行商业贸易。 “天下的一切都是朕的”是封建社会从始至终带有的标签。那古文中为何会有土地交易的相关记载，按理土地为君王所有，不存在交易的情况。而此类想象在两宋时期发展更甚，何故？本文将先从现有的史料入手，研究宋代土地交易，说明政府和民间各自的处理程序和限制条件以及土地交易更深入的内部涵义，通过理论与实例最大程度还原官田交易和民田土地交易。文章由三部分内容组成：引言、正文和结语。引言部分阐述本文的研究背景、已有的学术成果及研究方法过渡到正文。正文部分由三部分组成：第一部分由宋代土地交易制度的大框架引出交易的土地对象，土地类型及与之相关概念、涵义，如阐释官田交易及关于它的来源渠道和民田的宏观性认识。第二部分从采用法律规范土地交易的视角，写明官田交易原因和变动方式，展现一个官田交易的全过程。结合《宋刑统》对民田交易及其交易方式、程序三个方面进行归纳性探析以及对《名公书清明集》案例的分析，叙述土地交易需要注意的几个方面，以保证交易公平合法，权益不受侵犯。第三部分从反面入手分析宋代土地交易的奇特色彩，“守祖业，守祖宗”的制约氛围下，土地交易只是昙花一现，明亮又短暂，揭示土地交易频繁，商业繁荣背后存在的潜在危机。结语部分从正反面对本文观点作简要的总结。
[Abstract]:In 960, Zhao Kuangyin, the emperor of the Song Dynasty, made a peaceful retreat from the Chai dynasty after the five dynasties to the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty learned from the lessons of the Tang Dynasty to manipulate the fate of the country, to release the power of the army, to lift the opportunity of the military to participate in the government, and to exercise civil rule. On the other hand, civilian rule led to a lack of attention to military affairs, coupled with the strong ethnic groups in the north, which made the Song Dynasty often subject to aggression. He had to give way to Liao and Jin before retreating to the south of the Yangtze River, almost irresistible, and eventually destroyed by the Mongolian Yuan in the north. Give the impression that most of the country's bad luck, weak national strength. In fact, the Song Dynasty was a golden period in the history of the Chinese nation, and the Song Dynasty made China a prosperous country in the world. During the 300 years of Song Dynasty, China's economic and cultural development has been in the forefront of the world. Some data show that China's GDP in Song Dynasty accounted for 60% of the world. It changed the agricultural economy as the main industry pillar, appeared other industries, such as commerce, handicraft development. Records of the Song Dynasty after the death of Europe to learn from the Song Dynasty's economic development model. In the late Tang Dynasty, the economic center moved southward, and the south was relatively stable in the northern war. A large number of people migrated to the south, bringing exquisite production techniques and advanced technology. The great amount of labor, the enlightened policy of the rulers of the Song Dynasty, the high prosperity of the ideology and culture of the Song Dynasty and the high political status of the merchants made the rapid development of the commerce in the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty reached its peak in economy, culture, science and technology, agriculture, industry and commerce, handicrafts, and other aspects, and its achievements were almost beyond those of the Sui and Tang dynasties and the Ming and Qing dynasties after the Sui and Tang dynasties. It is the only more open commercial dynasty in the history of China, foreign trade. "everything in the world is mine" is the label of feudal society from beginning to end. Why is there a record of land transactions in the ancient Chinese text, which are supposedly owned by kings and do not exist? And this kind of imagination developed even more in the Song Dynasty. Why? This article will begin with the existing historical data, study the land transaction in Song Dynasty, explain the respective processing procedure and restriction condition of the government and the folk, as well as the deeper internal meaning of the land transaction. Through the theory and examples to restore the maximum degree of official land transactions and land transactions. The article consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction describes the background of this paper, the existing academic achievements and research methods to the text. The text is composed of three parts: the first part introduces the land object, land type and related concepts and meanings of the land transaction system in the Song Dynasty. Such as the interpretation of the Guantian transaction and about its source channels and the macro understanding of Mineda. In the second part, from the angle of using the law to regulate the land transaction, the author states the reason and the change way of the official land transaction, and shows the whole process of the official land transaction. Based on the analysis of the Mintian transaction and its transaction mode, the procedure from three aspects and the analysis of the case of Ming Gong Shu Qing Ming Collection, this paper describes several aspects that should be paid attention to in land transaction in order to ensure the fairness and legality of the transaction. Rights and interests are inviolable. The third part analyzes the peculiar color of the land transaction in the Song Dynasty from the reverse side. Under the restriction atmosphere of "the ancestor industry, the ancestor guard", the land transaction is only a flash in the pan, bright and short, revealing the frequent land transaction. The potential crisis behind the business boom. The conclusion part makes a brief summary of the views of this paper from both sides.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D929;D922.3;K244

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