五保供养法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 09:59

本文选题：五保供养制度 + 社会救助制度　；参考：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：五保供养制度是新中国成立以后较早建立的农村社会保障制度项目之一，，它与农村合作医疗制度一起，曾经构成中国农村社会保障的基本制度，并在保证五保基本生活和基本医疗等方面发挥了核心作用。随着农村经济体制的改革，五保供养制度所赖以存在的集体经济基础发生变化，传统五保供养制度开始面临新的问题，虽然2006年后新的五保供养制度比较有效的弥补了传统五保供养制度的不足，但是由于农村经济社会的深刻变化，新型农村社会养老保险制度、农村居民最低生活保障制度的建立和发展，尤其是城乡统筹的社会保障制度发展战略的实施，国民救助制度体系和基本社会保障服务体系建设目标的提出等，作为针对农村特殊人群的五保供养制度再次面临挑战。最初的五保供养制度受其依赖的集体经济的支持。随着农村经济体制的变化，五保供养制度的集体经济基础开始受到挑战；随着农村社会保障制度的建立和发展步伐的加快，五保供养制度的福利供给问题开始有了比较明确的制度规定。但是，制度的规定与现实之间的差距需要不断完善的政策加以弥补。然而五保供养制度的核心应是满足五保人群的基本需求，供给的视角固然关键，需求的视角尤为不可忽视。同时为了完善农村五保对象的各项社会保障政策，要兼顾到与五保对象相关的其他社会救助保障制度的协调，例如最低生活保障制度，农村合作医疗制度、农村养老制度体系等，还要明确在五保供养政策中各部分的责任和作用不同，政府在五保供养体系中要承担主要责任，包括筹资、倡导社会去参与和非政府组织的参与、监督政策实施过程与效果评估等，要充分发挥村级组织和村庄社区的户主责任，积极倡导非政府组织在五保供养体系中发挥作用，同时要兼顾五保对象自身资源的使用。另外，为了对五保对象保障政策的实施过程与实施效果进行评估，作为政策贯彻实施或者改善革新的依据，应该制定明确的评估指标，例如五保供养的政策宣传、资格认定、发放过程、生活保障状况等。由于供养标准不同，保障目标群体不同等原因，现阶段不应当将五保供养保障政策纳入到农村最低生活保障制度。因为五保对象本身的脆弱性，应该作为一个单独的保障制度存在，否则可能会降低五保对象原本就不高的保障水平。
[Abstract]:The five insurance system is one of the rural social security system projects established earlier after the founding of new China. Together with the rural cooperative medical system, it has formed the basic system of social security in China's rural areas, and has played a nuclear role in guaranteeing the basic life of the five insurance and basic medical care. With the reform of the rural economic system, the five guarantees are made. The traditional five insurance system has begun to face new problems. Although the new five insurance system after 2006 is more effective to make up for the deficiency of the traditional five insurance system, the new rural social endowment insurance system, the rural social endowment insurance system, the rural social endowment insurance system, and the rural social endowment insurance system The establishment and development of the residents' minimum living security system, especially the implementation of the development strategy of the social security system in urban and rural areas, the proposal of the system of national assistance system and the goal of the construction of the basic social security service system, are faced with the challenge of the five insurance system for the special people in the countryside. Relying on the support of the collective economy. With the change of the rural economic system, the collective economic foundation of the five insurance system has begun to be challenged. With the establishment and development of the rural social security system, the welfare supply of the five insurance system has begun to have a relatively clear system. However, the regulations and the reality of the system The core of the five insurance system should be to meet the basic needs of the five insurance people. The perspective of supply is of course the key, and the perspective of the demand should not be ignored. At the same time, in order to improve the social security policy of the five insurance objects in the rural areas, the other society related to the five insurance objects should be taken into account. The coordination of the support system, such as the minimum living security system, the rural cooperative medical system, the rural pension system, and so on, should also make it clear that the responsibilities and roles of each part of the five insurance policy are different. The government should undertake the main responsibilities in the five insurance system, including financing, and advocating the participation of the society and the participation of non-governmental organizations. The implementation process and effect evaluation of the supervision policy should give full play to the responsibility of the village and village community, actively advocate the role of non-governmental organizations in the five insurance system, and take into account the use of their own resources. In addition, in order to evaluate the implementation process and implementation effect of the policy of protecting the five insurance objects, As a basis for policy implementation or improvement, a clear evaluation index should be formulated, such as the policy propaganda of the five guarantees, the qualification, the process of distribution, the status of life security, and so on. At the present stage, the five insurance support policy should not be included in the rural minimum life due to the different support standards and the different guarantee of the target group. The security system, because the vulnerability of the five insured objects itself should exist as a separate guarantee system, otherwise it may reduce the level of security of the five insured objects.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.182.3

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