论在校学生人身侵权损害事件中的校方责任

发布时间：2018-06-01 18:22

  本文选题：校园侵权 + 校方责任　； 参考：《云南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，，在校学生人身侵权事件频发，校园侵权事件在近期内呈上升趋势，引起社会舆论的广泛关注。在这些事件中，学校几乎都无一例外地被推上了被告席,那么校方究竟是否应该承担责任：承担何种责任，承担多大的责任成为了至关重要的问题。要解决这个问题首先需要理性分析校方与学生之间的法律关系，确立明确合理的校方责任归责原则体系等，这对统一司法实践、维护校方和学生的合法权益、协调好双方的利益、维护学校的正常秩序，促进社会和谐、稳定都具有十分重要的现实意义。 我国颁布的《学生伤害事故处理办法》对校园侵权事件做出了规定和说明，校园侵权事件主要是指在学校对学生存在过错或过失的教育、管理活动中造成在校学生人身侵权损害后果的事件。1但是从我国关于校园侵权事件立法的进程来看，似乎并没有完善以及完整的法律法规来规范，而是散见于《宪法》以及《民法通则》、《未成年人保护法》、《义务教育法》和《教师法》等部门法中，这些部门法都有涉及校园侵权事件的规定，但因为过于分散和效力等级层次的不一样，实际操作起来有一定的困难。随着《侵权责任法》的出台，处理未成年人受到的人身损害有了一个更完善的依据，但是它并没有对在校大学生的人身保护作具体规定，虽然大学生绝大多数已是完全民事行为能力人，但是他们也是一个特殊的学生群体。校园侵权事件日益增多，形式日益复杂，审理难度增大，在一定程度上仍然是相关法律法规、政策不够完善所致。在公共安全和社会法律意识日益觉醒的情况下，学生家长以及社会对学校这样的公共组织的要求越来越高，对学校在保护学生人身安全方面寄予了厚望，但是由于我国处于一个社会的转型时期，学校的在承担较大压力的情况下，两者之间的矛盾便日积月累，而在这个过程中，如何有效的防止和控制校园侵权事件的发生就成了一个较大的难题。校园侵权事件一旦发生，那么势必要对学生的人身损害进行赔偿，更有甚者则是引发诉讼。而受害学生的家长提出的赔偿金额要求与学校的实际赔偿能力之间大多数时候存在很大的差距。为了促使学校更好的履行教育、管理职责，保护在校学生的合法权益，本文将从在校学生的民事行为能力的角度对校方责任进行深入的探讨。 目前，我国法院在审理校园侵权案件的过程中，不注意区分不同阶段不同类别的学校所发生的侵权案件。本文的核心在于对所有在校学生在校学习、生活过程中遭受到的人身侵权损害作一个系统的研究，明确学校应该承担的责任和义务。对我国现行的校园侵权责任立法进行一个梳理和论述，发现其存在的问题，并提出一些相关的完善建议，试图寻找解决目前问题的策略、办法，以便能正确处理在校学生的人身侵权事件，找到学生与学校之间切身利益的平衡点。 文章主要由五个部分组成,第一个部分为绪论。文章的开始是对背景的交代和描述，再通过文献分析方法、法理学研究方法、比较分析方法和综合研究方法，研究学校在无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力和完全民事行为能力学生人身侵权事件中其具有过错的情况下应该承担的责任。 第二个部分，是对校方责任的一个概述。通过对侵权责任概念的阐述和理解，引出校方责任概念，并对此进行分析和界定，理出相对于侵权责任其本身具有的特征。再就是对校方责任的相关理论以及学界的主要说法作一个梳理和评述。同时对学校和学生之间的法律关系属性进行探讨，比较大陆法系和英美法系在此问题上的差异。 第三部分，校园侵权责任中校方责任的认定。分别探讨校园内的无民事行为能力人、限制行为能力人、完全民事行为能力人遭受人身侵权的民事责任并对各阶段行为能力人遭受人身侵权损害的归责原则做出探讨和陈述，明晰其优劣，进行一些反思。通过对以上三类问题的分析，研究其责任承担的主体家庭、校外人员、学校各自应承担的责任，其中还包括校方在混合侵权中处于一个什么样的地位、应该承担怎样的责任。 第四部分，对英美法系国家和大陆法系国家在校方责任的相关规定做一个论述，借鉴域外的成功经验并得出一些启示。 第五部分，校园侵权事件中校方责任的立法现状、缺陷以及完善构想。主要包括以下几个方面：通过对现价段校方责任立法现状的评述，看到其存在的缺陷。对校方责任的归责原则还需进一步探讨，力求其不断完善。笔者认为在处理在校学生人身侵权损害事件时，对公平责任以及学校责任减免予以一定的关注。对投保校方责任保险确定为学校的法定义务，并上升到法律强制规定的范围。因校方责任相关法律位阶较低和制度不够完善，因此需要出台专门针对校方责任的法律法规。并建立校园侵权的防范机制。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there are frequent incidents of personal torts in school students, the trend of campus tort events is rising in the near future, which has aroused wide attention of public opinion. In these events, schools have been pushed to the defendant's seat almost without exception. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to analyze the legal relationship between the school and the students rationally, and establish a clear and reasonable system of the principle of responsibility attribution of the school. It is necessary to unify the judicial practice, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the school and students, coordinate the interests of both sides, protect the normal order of the school, promote social harmony and stability. It has a very important practical significance.
The method of dealing with students' injury accidents has been stipulated and explained in our country, which mainly refers to the education of the fault or negligence of the students in the school and the consequences of the damage to the student's personal infringement in the management activities.1, but it is from the process of legislation on the campus tort in our country. It seems that there seems to be no perfect and complete laws and regulations to be regulated, but they are scattered in the constitution, the general rules of the civil law, the law of minors, the compulsory education law and the teacher law. These department laws have provisions concerning the infringement of the campus, but the actual operation is not the same because of the different levels of dispersion and effectiveness. It is difficult to get up. With the introduction of the tort liability law, there is a more perfect basis for dealing with the personal damage to minors, but it does not specify the personal protection of college students. Although most of the college students are fully competent people, they are also a special group of students. There are more and more infringement incidents on campus, more complicated forms, more difficulty in hearing, some related laws and regulations, not perfect policies. In the case of public security and awareness of social and legal awareness, the demands of students' parents and society to schools such as schools are becoming higher and higher, and the schools are protected. There is a great hope for the safety of the students, but because our country is in a period of social transformation, the contradiction between the two is accumulated, and in this process, how to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of the campus infringement has become a big problem. Once it happens, it is necessary to compensate for the personal damage to the students, and the other is to initiate a lawsuit. However, there is a big gap between the parents of the injured students and the actual compensation ability of the school. In order to make the school better perform education, management responsibilities, and protect the students in school. In view of the legal rights and interests, this article will make an in-depth discussion on the school responsibility from the perspective of the students' civil capacity.
At present, in the process of hearing the infringement cases on campus, the court of our country does not pay attention to distinguishing the infringement cases of different types of schools in different stages. The core of this paper is to make a systematic study on the personal infringement damage to all the students at school and in the course of life, and to make clear the responsibilities and obligations of the school. The current legislation of our current campus tort liability is combed and discussed, the existing problems are found, and some relevant suggestions are put forward to try to find the strategies and methods to solve the current problems so as to correctly handle the personal torts of the students and find the balance between the interests of the students and the school.
The article is mainly composed of five parts, the first part is the introduction. The beginning of the article is the explanation and description of the background, and then through the literature analysis method, the jurisprudence research method, the comparative analysis method and the comprehensive research method, the school has studied the school in the incapacity of civil behavior, the limitation of the civil action ability and the full civil behavior ability of the students. In the event of power, it should bear the responsibility in case of fault.
The second part is an overview of school responsibility. Through the exposition and understanding of the concept of tort liability, the concept of school responsibility is drawn up, and it is analyzed and defined to explain its own characteristics relative to the liability for tort. This paper probes into the legal relationship between schools and students, and compares the differences between the continental law system and the Anglo American law system.
The third part, the identification of school liability in the liability of the campus tort. It discusses the civil liability of the person without civil capacity in the campus, the person who restricts the behavior ability, the person who is completely civil and the person who is torts by the person, and makes a discussion and statement on the principle of liability for the person who has suffered personal infringement in various stages, and clarifying its advantages and disadvantages. Through the analysis of the above three kinds of problems, we study the responsibility of the main family, the outside school personnel and the school, which also include what kind of position the school is in in the mixed tort, and what responsibility should be taken.
The fourth part discusses the relevant stipulations of school responsibility in Anglo American law system countries and continental law countries, drawing on the successful experience abroad and drawing some inspirations.
The fifth part, the current situation, defects and perfect conception of school responsibility in campus tort, mainly including the following aspects: through the review of the current situation of the current price of school responsibility legislation, we can see the defects of its existence. The principle of responsibility for school party responsibility should be further discussed in order to improve it. I think in the process of dealing with the school. When the student's personal infringement is damaged, it pays attention to the fair liability and the reduction and remission of the school responsibility. The insurance of the liability insurance of the school is determined to be the legal obligation of the school and rises to the scope of the compulsory law. Laws and regulations, and the establishment of the prevention mechanism of the campus infringement.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D923;D922.16


本文编号：1965183