我国的行政保留及其控制

发布时间：2018-06-18 17:33

本文选题：权力分立 + 宪政制度　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：行政保留存在的理论基础是权力分立，现实基础是社会事务的复杂性。本文对行政保留的内涵进行了适当的修正与改造，同时也使得行政保留的外延获得了适度的增补与扩充，基本上形成了一个内涵比较周密、层次较为清晰、外延相对健全的行政保留概念体系。行政保留的概念囊括三个层次的含义，包括两个层面的类型，即制度或规范层面上存在的行政保留类型和执行或实践层面上产生的行政保留类型，前者包括绝对行政保留和相对行政保留两种类型，后者包括执行宪法产生的行政保留和执行法律产生的行政保留两种类型。从制度和实践两个层面来看，我国是存在行政保留这一领域的。我国的行政保留主要存在以下几个特点：一是我国的行政保留在制度上的基础和依据是人民代表大会制度；二是我国的行政保留在涵盖囊括的内容范围上比较广泛全面，属于最广义的行政保留。我国当前并没有所谓“特别权力关系”存在的空间和余地，对于行政规范制定权问题，不能“一刀切”式的笼统视之，，而应该根据具体情况区别看待。当前我国行政保留领域包括来自制度层面的行政保留领域和来自执行层面的行政保留领域两种类型，内容比较丰富。行政保留控制的原因有四个方面：一是行政权强势扩张致使其外部监督弱化的现实要求，二是追求实质正义以更好保障人权的根本要求，三是改善行政方式以增进行政效益的社会要求，四是行政保留对于行政权的监督有着不可替代的独特优势和意义。行政保留控制的特点有两个：一是在控制主体上，只能由行政权对行政保留领域实施自我控制，二是在控制限度上，坚持合理适度、宽紧适中的原则，以行政效益最大化的增进为最终目标和落脚点。行政保留的控制路径和方式主要存在于事前的行政规范、事中的行政执行以及事后的行政监督三个层面上。其中事前的行政规范层面包括行政规范的细化和解释以及行政惯例的制度化两种方式，事后的行政监督层面包括专门监督中的行政监察和审计两种方式以及层级监督中的行政复议、报告工作、执法检查、审查批准、备案检查、考核惩戒等六种具体的路径和方式。
[Abstract]:The theoretical basis of the existence of administrative reservation is the separation of powers, while the practical basis is the complexity of social affairs. In this paper, the connotation of administrative reservation has been amended and reformed properly, and the extension of administrative reservation has been supplemented and expanded moderately. Relatively sound extension of the concept of administrative retention system. The concept of administrative reservation includes three levels of meaning, including two levels of types, namely, the type of administrative reservation that exists at the level of system or norm, and the type of administrative reservation arising from the level of execution or practice. The former includes two types: absolute administrative reservation and relative administrative reservation, while the latter includes two types: the administrative reservation arising from the enforcement of the Constitution and the administrative reservation arising from the enforcement of the law. From two aspects of system and practice, there is administrative reservation in our country. The main features of our country's administrative reservation are as follows: first, the administrative reservation in our country is based on the system of the people's Congress; second, the administrative reservation of our country is relatively extensive and comprehensive in the scope of the contents covered. Administrative reservation in the broadest sense. At present, there is no space and room for the existence of the so-called "special power relationship" in our country. The issue of the right to establish administrative norms cannot be viewed in a "one-size-fits-all" manner, but should be treated differently according to the specific situation. At present, the field of administrative reservation in our country includes two types: one is from the system level and the other is from the executive level. There are four reasons for administrative retention control: one is the realistic requirement of weakening external supervision due to the strong expansion of administrative power, the other is the fundamental requirement of pursuing substantive justice in order to better protect human rights. The third is to improve the administrative mode in order to enhance the social requirements of administrative efficiency, and the fourth is that administrative retention has irreplaceable unique advantages and significance for the supervision of administrative power. There are two characteristics of administrative reservation control: one is that the administrative power can only exercise self-control over the administrative reservation field in the subject of control, the other is that the principle of reasonable, moderate, wide and moderate is adhered to in the limit of control. To maximize the administrative efficiency of the promotion of the ultimate goal and foothold. The control path and mode of administrative reservation mainly exist in three levels: the administrative norm in advance, the administrative execution in the matter and the administrative supervision after the event. The administrative norms in advance include the elaboration and interpretation of administrative norms and the institutionalization of administrative practices. The administrative supervision level after the event includes two ways of administrative supervision and audit in special supervision, and six specific ways and means of administrative reconsideration, report work, law enforcement inspection, examination and approval, record keeping inspection, examination and punishment in the level of supervision.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

【参考文献】