城市“汽车限购”的法律性分析

发布时间：2018-06-21 15:16

本文选题：汽车限购政策 + 行政许可　；参考：《云南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,汽车这种昔日的奢侈品已变为了百姓生活的必需品,我国也已成为了世界汽车大国。随着汽车数量的增加,我国好多城市出现了交通拥堵的问题,可以预见的是,随着我国经济的增长,我国的私家车数量肯定还会继续增长,城市交通压力巨大。为解决城市交通拥堵问题,多地政府已经出台了汽车限购政策,而一些有交通拥堵现象的城市也有出台汽车限购政策的意向。争议也随之而来,公众指责汽车限购政策不公平、不合理,甚至认为这一政策不合法,违背了市场经济规律。正是在这一背景下,笔者想通过研究,分析城市汽车限购政策是否合法,是否合理,是否有借鉴的必要和可能,是否有需要完善的地方。本文首先对国内的汽车限购状况做一个介绍,然后对限购政策的合法性与合理性进行分析。通过分析,笔者发现汽车限购政策的实施过程中有两个主要问题值得关注,一个是政府发放汽车增量指标的行为,另一个购车者申请机动车号牌的行为。通过进一步研究,笔者知道汽车增量指标是关于城市道路使用的许可,机动车号牌是交通安全许可。城市道路作为公共资源是可以设立行政许可的,而这种许可可以用任何公平竞争的方式进行发放,但现今大多数地方政府在创制这种许可的过程没有按法律规定的程序进行,造成了这些政策在某种程度上缺乏法律依据。同时,地方政府规定的对汽车增量指标的使用方式上也与我国的法律有一定冲突。还得出汽车限购政策是一种不得已的治堵措施的结论,但是这种治堵措施却不是最合理的治堵措施。最后,笔者提出了几个合法、合理且有一定操作性的治堵方案,认为政府不能强制限制购车,而只能综合市场等其他手段减少人们的用车来治理城市交通拥堵；认为汽车增量指标是一种单独的行政许可,不应该与汽车牌照捆绑发放；并提出政府出台任何措施,都要以法律为依据同时保障公众在立法时的参与等意见。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, automobile, the former luxury goods, has become a necessity for ordinary people, and China has also become a major automobile country in the world. With the increase of the number of cars, many cities in our country have the problem of traffic congestion. It can be predicted that with the economic growth of our country, the number of private cars in our country will definitely continue to grow, and the traffic pressure in the cities will be enormous. To solve the problem of urban traffic congestion, a number of governments have introduced car purchase restrictions, and some cities with traffic congestion also have the intention to impose car purchase restrictions. The controversy ensued, with the public accusing the auto purchase restriction of being unfair and unreasonable, and even calling it illegal and contrary to the laws of the market economy. It is under this background that the author wants to analyze whether the urban automobile purchase restriction policy is legal, whether it is reasonable, whether it is necessary and possible to use for reference, and whether it needs to be perfected. This paper first introduces the situation of automobile purchase restriction in China, and then analyzes the legitimacy and rationality of the policy. Based on the analysis, the author finds that there are two main problems in the implementation of the auto purchase restriction policy, one is the behavior of the government issuing the increment index, the other is the behavior of the vehicle buyer applying for the vehicle number plate. Through further research, the author knows that the increment index of automobile is about the permit of urban road use, and the number plate of motor vehicle is traffic safety permit. As a public resource, urban roads can set up administrative licenses, which can be granted in any way that is fair to the competition, but today most local governments do not create such permits in accordance with the procedures prescribed by law. This led to a lack of legal basis for these policies to some extent. At the same time, the method of using the increment index of automobile stipulated by the local government also conflicts with the law of our country. It is also concluded that the auto purchase restriction policy is a necessary one, but it is not the most reasonable one. Finally, the author puts forward several legal, reasonable and operational measures to control traffic congestion. The author thinks that the government can not compulsorily restrict the purchase of cars, but can only reduce people's cars by synthesizing the market and other means to control urban traffic congestion. The author holds that the increment index of automobile is a kind of separate administrative license, and should not be bundled with the license plate of automobile, and puts forward the opinion that any measures issued by the government should be based on the law and ensure the participation of the public in the legislation.
【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D922.1

【参考文献】