我国城市社区防灾减灾法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-05 06:57

本文选题：城市社区 + 防灾减灾　；参考：《西南政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：社区防灾减灾是城市防灾减灾的基石。然而，综观我国城市社区防灾减灾理论和实践现状，城市社区防灾减灾仍处于初步探索阶段，尤其是相关法律制度建设的滞后，已经严重制约我国城市社区防灾减灾水平的提高。因此，有必要深入研究我国城市社区防灾减灾法制问题，通过对城市社区防灾减灾法律制度现状和问题进行梳理，借鉴其他国家相关经验，寻求完善城市社区防灾减灾法律制度的路径，，进而推动我国城市社区防灾减灾活动走上规范化、法制化道路，最终实现国家创新社会管理战略的目标。理论是一切研究的逻辑起点。文章首先从理论的维度对城市社区参与防灾减灾的正当性进行分析，其中所论及的“国家与社会理论”与“多中心治理理论”旨在解决社区作为自治单位为什么能够承担防灾减灾这项公共职能这一问题。其次，对目前我国城市社区防灾减灾相关立法规定进行梳理，通过对目前法律运行的实际效果剖析得出我国城市社区防灾减灾法律制度的困境有：城市社区防灾减灾管理组织机构法律地位不明确、应急预案制定率和有效性低、防灾减灾规划制度缺失、灾害风险评估调查制度实施存在障碍、社区减灾侧重预防而非全过程减灾、公众参与程度不高以及管理与考核制度缺乏有效激励与制约。再次，撷取域外国家的先进法律制度经验，通过对美国、日本两国相关法律内容及典型制度分析，抽象得出其对我国城市社区防灾减灾法律制度建设的启示主要有：加强立法建设、制定社区减灾规划、强调社区防灾减灾的公众参与以及注重社区减灾文化的培育。最后一部分是整篇文章的核心，本部分以立法为切入点，从明确城市社区居委会在防灾减灾中的法律地位、提高城市社区应急预案制定率与有效性、建立城市社区防灾减灾规划制度、多渠道保障城市社区自然灾害风险调查评估制度实施、建立城市社区灾害应急处置与救援制度和灾后恢复重建制度、提高城市社区防灾减灾公众参与度以及完善城市社区防灾减灾管理与考核制度等七个方面提出完善我国城市社区防灾减灾法律制度的建议。
[Abstract]:Community disaster prevention and mitigation is the cornerstone of urban disaster prevention and mitigation. However, in view of the theory and practice of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China, the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation is still in the initial exploration stage, especially the lagging of the construction of relevant legal system. It has seriously restricted the improvement of the level of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities in China. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in our country, through combing the present situation and problems of the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation, and learning from the relevant experiences of other countries. This paper seeks to improve the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation, and then promote the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation activities to be standardized, legalized, and finally achieve the goal of national innovative social management strategy. Theory is the logical starting point for all studies. Firstly, this paper analyzes the legitimacy of urban community participation in disaster prevention and mitigation from the perspective of theory. The "theory of state and society" and "theory of polycentric governance" discussed in this paper are aimed at solving the problem of why the community, as an autonomous unit, can undertake the public function of disaster prevention and mitigation. Secondly, the current urban community disaster prevention and mitigation related legislative provisions are combed. Through the analysis of the actual effect of the current law operation, it is found that the difficulties of the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China are as follows: the legal status of the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation management organization is not clear, the formulation rate and effectiveness of the emergency plan are low. The system of disaster prevention and mitigation planning is lacking, the implementation of the system of disaster risk assessment and investigation is hindered, community disaster reduction focuses on prevention rather than the whole process of disaster reduction, the degree of public participation is not high, and the management and assessment system lacks effective incentives and constraints. Thirdly, through the analysis of the relevant legal contents and typical systems of the United States and Japan through the acquisition of the experience of the advanced legal systems of foreign countries, Abstract its enlightenment to the legal system construction of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in our country mainly includes: strengthening the legislative construction, making the community disaster reduction plan, emphasizing the public participation of community disaster prevention and mitigation and paying attention to the cultivation of community disaster reduction culture. The last part is the core of the whole article, this part takes the legislation as the breakthrough point, from the clear city community neighborhood committee in the disaster prevention and mitigation legal status, enhances the city community emergency plan formulation rate and the validity, To establish a planning system for disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities, to ensure the implementation of the risk investigation and assessment system for natural disasters in urban communities through multiple channels, to establish a disaster emergency management and rescue system for urban communities and a system for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, Some suggestions on how to improve the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China are put forward from seven aspects, such as increasing the public participation in urban community disaster prevention and mitigation and perfecting the management and assessment system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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