我国未成年人国家监护制度的完善

发布时间：2018-07-10 16:04

本文选题：未成年人 + 国家监护　；参考：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国改革开放和社会经济的蓬勃发展,农村城镇化的深入进行,大量劳动力的迁徙,很多留守儿童处于无人监护或监护不力的状况;另因忙于生计或其他原因,监护人对未成年人疏于管护,造成了未成年子女流浪街头、发生意外事故、甚至被拐卖的现象;还因为父母或其他监护人在学习、生活和工作等方面不顺意,父母或其他监护人以极端的方式打骂未成年人,给未成年人的自尊心和身体都造成了严重的伤害;还有父母服刑、无法照管未成年孩子,以及父母因伤残、重病而失去照管孩子的能力,给未成年人的生活、学习和健康发展都造成了严重影响,是亟待解决的社会问题。要解决这些因家庭监护失能造成的问题,需要国家和社会的共同努力,因我国未成年人国家监护制度的不完善,不能完全解决这些问题。不仅因为父母、家庭或其他监护人的监护不利,还因为国家监护体制不健全、国家监护制度不完善,一些未成年人的合法权益无法得到确实的保障。我国的许多学者和各界人士对未成年人的监护问题进行了大量的研究工作,并在民法总则草案一审稿、二审稿、三审稿和民法总则中,积极参与修订了未成年人的国家监护制度。可是新通过的未成年人国家监护制度还不能解决现有一些问题,还有不足之处,因此,本文认为要解决对这些未成年人监护不利的问题,应从进一步健全未成年人国家监护体制和完善未成年人国家监护制度着手,通过对未成年人的现行国家监护制度和新通过的国家监护制度的比对研究,明确国家在父母或其他监护人监护缺失时,应对未成年人承担的具体的监护责任,从确定监护主体、增加被监护人类型、规定监护费用来源、加强监护人职责、明确委托监护人资格、明确监护人的法律责任、完善国家监护的开始、变更、终止制度,健全监护监督机制等一些方面来保障这些特殊未成年人的合法权益,完善和保护他们应享有的国家监护的权利。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous development of China's reform and opening up and social economy, the further development of rural urbanization, the migration of a large number of labor forces, many left-behind children are in a situation of unattended or ineffective guardianship; in addition, they are busy with their livelihood or other reasons. The carelessness of guardians in the care of minors has resulted in minor children living in the streets, accidents occurring, and even being abducted. It is also because parents or other guardians are not satisfied with their studies, lives and work, etc. Parents or other guardians beat minors in extreme ways, causing serious harm to their self-esteem and body; parents served their sentences and were unable to take care of their minor children; and parents were disabled, The serious illness and the loss of the ability to take care of children have seriously affected the life, study and healthy development of minors, which is a social problem to be solved urgently. In order to solve these problems caused by the disability of family guardianship, the joint efforts of the state and society are needed, and these problems cannot be solved completely because of the imperfection of the national guardianship system for minors in our country. Not only because the guardianship of parents, families or other guardians is unfavorable, but also because the state guardianship system is not perfect, the legal rights and interests of some minors can not be guaranteed. Many scholars and people from all walks of life in our country have done a great deal of research on the question of minors' guardianship, and in the draft of the Civil Law, the draft of the draft Actively participated in the revision of the state guardianship system for minors. However, the newly adopted national guardianship system for minors cannot solve some existing problems, and there are still shortcomings. Therefore, this paper believes that the problems that are unfavorable to the guardianship of these minors should be solved. Starting with the further improvement of the national guardianship system for minors and the perfection of the national guardianship system for minors, and through the comparative study of the current state guardianship system for minors and the newly adopted national guardianship system, When parents or other guardians lack guardianship, the state should bear specific guardianship responsibilities to minors, from determining the main body of guardianship, increasing the types of guardians, specifying the sources of guardianship expenses, strengthening the duties of guardians, To ensure the legal rights and interests of these special minors, such aspects as the qualification of entrusted guardians, the legal responsibilities of guardians, the improvement of the start, change, termination system of state guardianship, and the improvement of guardianship and supervision mechanisms, etc., To improve and protect their right to national guardianship.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.183

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