人权视野下环境权的国家义务研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 02:09

【摘要】：人权的价值主要在于对人类生存发展的社会与客观世界作出积极的回应,环境作为人类生存发展最重要的物质因素,是人权不可或缺的组成部分。与此同时,环境权作为一种新型的人权,开始出现在各国公民权利的谱系之中,那么,环境权作为公民追求自身生存与发展的价值的权利,由于其存在的不可或缺性,而决定了它具有基本权利属性。然而,对于公民的环境权利,不仅仅需要国家抽象意义上的保护,更主要的是可给予具体实践上的积极作为,经由应然权利到实然权利的导向,环境权的保障最终指向了国家这一义务主体。以义务主体重塑环境权保障理论,这对于承担更重要的环境责任的国家提出了更高的要求,然而,限于环境权制度层面上的欠缺,作为环境权保障的义务主体,国家对于公民的环境权尚不能发挥其应有的保障功能。中国环境权事业的进步与发展是有目共睹的,但是由于社会发展不稳定,民主法治建设起步较晚,中国的环境权保障现状还有许多不尽如人意的地方。保障环境权一部分要依靠社会与个人的积极参与,但主要还是依靠国家,依靠法治。国家作为环境权保障最主要的义务主体,具有尊重、保护、促进与保障等义务。近些年来,随着人们对环境的广泛关注,越来越多的学者致力于对环境权保障的国家义务研究,从不同的视角,对国家义务与环境权之间的关系进行深入的剖析与探讨。带着浓厚的兴趣,笔者尝试在人权视野下,对我国环境权保障的国家义务进行研究,摸清环境权保障的现实状况,系统总结国家在环境权保障方面的欠缺与不足,为进一步完善环境权国家义务履行体系提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:The value of human rights mainly lies in the positive response to the society and objective world of human existence and development. As the most important material factor of human survival and development, environment is an indispensable part of human rights. At the same time, as a new type of human rights, the environmental right begins to appear in the pedigree of the civil rights of all countries. Then, as a citizen's right to pursue the value of their own existence and development, the environmental right is indispensable for its existence. And decided that it has the basic right attribute. However, the environmental rights of citizens not only need to be protected in the abstract sense of the state, but also can be given positive actions in practice, which can be guided by the right to the actual right. The protection of environmental rights ultimately points to the state as a subject of obligation. Reinventing the theory of environmental rights protection by the subject of obligation puts forward higher requirements for the countries that bear more important environmental responsibility. However, it is limited to the deficiency of the system of environmental rights and is regarded as the subject of obligation in the protection of environmental rights. The state's environmental rights for its citizens can not play its due protection function. The progress and development of environmental rights in China is obvious to all, but due to the instability of social development, the construction of democracy and the rule of law starts late, and there are still many unsatisfactory aspects in the current situation of environmental rights protection in China. Part of the protection of environmental rights depends on the active participation of society and individuals, but mainly depends on the state and the rule of law. As the main subject of environmental rights protection, the state has the obligations of respect, protection, promotion and protection. In recent years, with the widespread attention to the environment, more and more scholars devote themselves to the research of the state obligation of the environmental right protection. From different angles, the relationship between the state obligation and the environmental right is deeply analyzed and discussed. With a strong interest, the author tries to study the state obligations of environmental right protection in our country from the perspective of human rights, to find out the reality of environmental rights protection, and to systematically summarize the deficiencies and deficiencies of the state in environmental rights protection. To further improve the environmental rights of the national obligations of the implementation system to provide reference.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.68

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