监察措施的合法性研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 08:00

【摘要】：监察措施的合法性是监察体制改革的实质性法治议题。新的国家监察机关所采取的监察措施多元混合,但是并没有创制出新的权力类型,也没有根本改变监察措施的法律性质。其中,职务犯罪调查措施属于刑事侦查,职务违法行为调查措施属于行政性措施。监察关系属于基于公务员管理而形成的特别关系,但是当监察措施涉及公民基本权利时,应受依法治国原则的调整,应当遵循法律保留原则。在监察措施的过程合法性方面,应遵循正当程序原则,妥当设置刑事和行政监察程序的分类与转换,尤其需要充分规定告知、陈述申辩、全程录音录像和听证等关键性程序权利或措施。对监察机关实施监督的最重要、最有效的法律途径是司法监督,应当根据监察措施及其程序的类型进行合理的司法衔接。其中,职务犯罪侦查的司法衔接应当适用《刑事诉讼法》的规定;行政性留置等涉及公民基本权利的监察调查措施与处置措施,应当准用《行政诉讼法》予以法律救济。此外,还应充分考虑律师介入与国家责任问题。
[Abstract]:The legality of supervisory measures is the substantive subject of rule of law in the reform of supervisory system. The monitoring measures adopted by the new state supervisory organs are mixed, but they do not create a new type of power, nor fundamentally change the legal nature of the supervisory measures. Among them, the investigation measures of duty crime belong to criminal investigation, and the investigation measures of duty illegal acts belong to administrative measures. The supervisory relationship belongs to the special relationship based on the management of civil servants, but when the supervisory measures involve the basic rights of citizens, they should be adjusted by the principle of governing the country according to law, and should follow the principle of legal reservation. With regard to the legality of the process of monitoring measures, the principle of due process should be followed, and the classification and conversion of criminal and administrative supervisory procedures should be properly set up. In particular, it is necessary to provide adequate provisions for informing and making representations. Key procedural rights or measures such as audio, video recording and hearings. Judicial supervision is the most important and the most effective legal way to supervise the supervisory organs, which should be reasonably connected according to the types of supervision measures and procedures. Among them, the judicial connection of duty crime investigation should be governed by the provisions of the Criminal procedure Law, and the administrative lien, such as the supervision, investigation and disposal measures concerning the basic rights of citizens, should be granted legal relief with the Administrative procedure Law. In addition, full consideration should be given to the involvement of lawyers and State responsibility.
【作者单位】：华东政法大学法律学院;
【分类号】：D922.11

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