我国电信业的民间资本准入法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 14:09

【摘要】：信息传递长期为官方垄断,新兴技术下形成的电信行业虽经历了四次拆分与合并,仍然存在着不合理垄断的方面。如何协调满足公共利益的需求和促进市场经济发展所需要的公平竞争环境两者之间的关系,显得尤为重要。随着新的竞争格局的形成以及电信业改革的深入,国内学者研究的热点主要集中于打破垄断问题和实现有效竞争。然而,当前电信业的运营呈现市场版图化,距离有效竞争仍有较大的距离,例如电信市场的主导力量过于强大、新的市场主体力量微不足道等。为了加强电信业的竞争力,运营商需要转变经营体制,提高经营管理的水平。与这种趋势和需求相适应的就是政府放松管制,降低主体运营市场份额,引入民间资本,形成有效竞争。现阶段必须从竞争市场的建立入手,通过竞争优化市场环境,改善市场秩序,推进法制建设,促进电信业民间资本准入制度的完善。在法律视野下考察我国电信业的准入制度问题：第一,电信业民间资本准入制度缺乏完善的法律体系,目前属于行政法规类的《中华人民共和国电信条例》,其法律位阶不高,缺乏对民间资本进入电信产业的相关规定,难以适应电信产业民营化发展的需求；第二,电信业的民间资本欠缺公平明确的准入制度,现有的规定偏重于对于外资准入的规定,而对于民间资本准入条件、准入的范围、准入的程序等问题有所欠缺；第三,激励民间资本准入的措施不到位,主要表现在资金问题无法得到解决,技术支持和相关服务仍然是企业的巨大负担,欠缺税收方面的优惠措施；第四,电信产业的民间资本监管体制不完善,主要表现有监管主体以及相互之间的权力配置不明确,监管的对象以及范围存在争议,监管的模式以及监管的手段不能实现监管的目的。探寻电信业民间资本准入制度的法律对策,必须在借鉴国外经验的基础上,结合我国具体制度的现状加以完善。具体包括四个方面：其一,加快《中华人民共和国电信法》的出台,弥补电信业在法律层面的空白,并对其他相关的法律法规予以修正,使电信法律条款更能适应时代要求和提供监管依据；其二,应该明确规定民间资本进入电信产业的体制制度,从准入范围、准入条件、准入的程序等方面探讨符合现阶段发展条件的准入制度：其三,落实激励民间资本进入电信业的措施,从资金、技术和税收三个方面提出相关建议；其四,重构政府对电信市场的监管体制,包括需要正确处理政府管制与监管的关系,明确监管主体及其权力的分配,明确监管模式以及监管手段,并健全对监管者的监管。在可预见的未来,电信业应该逐渐打破垄断,发展成为国有资本、民间资本和外资三方有效竞争的产业。
[Abstract]:Information transmission has been an official monopoly for a long time. Although the telecommunication industry formed under the new technology has undergone four times of separation and merger, it still has some unreasonable monopoly aspects. How to coordinate the relationship between satisfying the demand of public interest and promoting the fair competition environment for the development of market economy is particularly important. With the formation of new competition pattern and the deepening of telecom industry reform, domestic scholars' research focuses on breaking monopoly and realizing effective competition. However, the current operation of the telecommunications industry presents a market map, which is still far from effective competition. For example, the dominant power of the telecommunications market is too strong, the new market main force is insignificant, and so on. In order to strengthen the competitiveness of telecom industry, operators need to change the management system and improve the level of operation and management. To adapt to this trend and demand, the government deregulates, reduces the market share of the main operation, introduces private capital, and forms effective competition. At present, we must start with the establishment of competitive market, optimize the market environment through competition, improve the market order, promote the legal system construction, and promote the consummation of the private capital access system of telecommunication industry. From the perspective of law, this paper studies the access system of telecommunication industry in China. First, the system of access to private capital in telecommunications industry lacks a perfect legal system. At present, the "Telecommunication regulations of the people's Republic of China", which belong to the category of administrative laws and regulations, have a low legal rank. Lack of relevant regulations on the entry of private capital into the telecommunications industry, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of the development of privatization of the telecommunications industry; second, the private capital of the telecommunications industry lacks a fair and clear access system, and the existing provisions focus on the provisions on access to foreign capital. However, there is a lack of conditions, scope and procedures for access to private capital. Third, the measures to encourage private capital access are not in place, mainly because the problem of capital cannot be solved. Technical support and related services are still a huge burden for enterprises, lack of preferential tax measures; fourth, the telecommunications industry of private capital regulatory system is not perfect, mainly reflected in the main regulatory bodies and mutual power allocation is not clear, The object and scope of supervision are controversial, the mode and means of supervision can not achieve the purpose of supervision. In order to explore the legal countermeasures of the private capital access system in telecommunication industry, we must perfect it on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign experience and combining with the present situation of our country's specific system. It includes four aspects: first, to accelerate the promulgation of the Telecommunications Law of the people's Republic of China, to make up for the gaps in the telecommunications industry at the legal level, and to amend other relevant laws and regulations. To make the provisions of telecommunications laws more suitable to the requirements of the times and to provide the basis for supervision; second, we should clearly stipulate the institutional system for the entry of private capital into the telecommunications industry, from the scope of admission and the conditions of entry. The procedure of access and other aspects are discussed in accordance with the conditions of development at this stage: third, to implement the measures to encourage private capital to enter the telecommunications industry, and to put forward relevant proposals from three aspects: capital, technology and taxation; fourth, Reconstructing the government's supervision system of telecom market, including dealing with the relationship between government regulation and supervision correctly, clarifying the main body of supervision and the distribution of its power, clarifying the supervision model and means, and perfecting the supervision of regulators. In the foreseeable future, the telecom industry should gradually break the monopoly and develop into an effective competition industry of state-owned capital, private capital and foreign capital.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.16

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