我国农业补贴法律制度存在的问题及完善对策

发布时间：2018-08-10 21:09

【摘要】：农业是人与社会生存与发展的重要来源，是国民经济的基础产业，具有其特殊性和重要性。当今世界各国政府都无一例外地通过宏观管理与调节，对农业进行不同程度的政府干预，农业补贴便是其中较为重要的手段之一。农业补贴是一国政府对本国农业支持与保护的重要的政策性工具，而真正能够有效保障农业补贴制度有效实施的重要手段，便是农业补贴制度的法制化。从国内形势来看，，走向现代化的中国，正在面临着全球性市场经济转型带来的压力与挑战；同时，由于国内农业补贴法律制度还不够完善，越来越成为农业补贴法律制度趋于规范与走向完善的制障。从法律维度来看，我们所说的农业补贴，它不是一种单纯的行政命令,实质上是政府的宏观调控手段，是通过立法的形式对农业补贴制度进行规范化与程序化处理的一种方式，这种农业司法程序不仅有利于彰显农业制度的优越性，而且有利于实现农业稳步健康发展，确保农业的基础与战略地位。不仅如此，构建农业补贴法律制度体系，亦能提高我国的国际地位及国际影响力。所以，在这样的一个大的背景和前提下，研究农业补贴法律制度具有重要的现实意义。本文主要从以下几个方面来分析并完善我国的农业补贴法律制度。其中，第一部分简要地介绍了农业补贴法律制度的研究目的、研究意义以及研究方法；第二部分阐述与农业补贴法律制度相关的理论，并界定其相关范畴与概念，包括对“补贴”、“农业补贴法律制度”的含义进行介绍，对“农业保护”和“农业补贴”两个概念进行了比较分析，研究农业补贴法律制度的理论基础，包括此项制度的起源、发展以及WTO框架下农业补贴法律制度；第三部分大致梳理了我国农业补贴法律制度的现状，包括立法、实施方面的现状，并指出其中存在的缺陷。在此研究基础上，总结了我国农业补贴法律制度存在问题及问题产生的原因，这主要表现在五个方面，即我国农业补贴法律制度体系尚不完善，法制主体的组织化程度不高，法制化程度不够，农业补贴结构不完整，农业补贴缺点中措施的使用不够充分等。第四部分主要是放开视野，学习并借鉴美国、日本等发达国家在农业补贴法律制度方面的发展经验；基于前述，最后一部分有的放矢地提出完善农业补贴法律制度的对策与建议，即健全农业补贴法律体系，逐渐完善农业补贴的现实社会条件。具体来说，就是要明确农业补贴法律制度概念；提升农业补贴实体法的立法效率；严格立法规划和法律程序；加强农业补贴方式的法制化宣传；加大农业补贴方向上的监督力度；建立对农业补贴措施的评价机制。本文根据我国农业补贴法律制度的现状，通过对国内外农业补贴法律制度的比较研究与总体分析，力图建立立法相对比较完善的农业补贴法律制度，从而为进一步解决我国“三农”问题做出贡献。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is an important source of human and social survival and development, and is the basic industry of the national economy, with its particularity and importance. Nowadays, governments all over the world intervene in agriculture in varying degrees through macro-management and regulation. Agricultural subsidy is one of the most important means. China's government is an important policy tool to support and protect its agriculture, and the legalization of the agricultural subsidy system is an important means to ensure the effective implementation of the agricultural subsidy system. As the legal system of agricultural subsidy in China is not perfect enough, it is becoming more and more the obstacle that the legal system of agricultural subsidy tends to standardize and perfect. This kind of agricultural judicial procedure is not only conducive to revealing the superiority of the agricultural system, but also to realizing the steady and healthy development of agriculture and ensuring the foundation and strategic position of agriculture. Therefore, under such a big background and premise, it is of great practical significance to study the legal system of agricultural subsidies.
This paper mainly analyzes and improves the legal system of agricultural subsidy in China from the following aspects. The first part briefly introduces the purpose, significance and research methods of the legal system of agricultural subsidy; the second part elaborates the theory related to the legal system of agricultural subsidy, and defines its related categories and concepts, including the right to the legal system of agricultural subsidy. This paper introduces the meaning of "subsidy" and "legal system of agricultural subsidy", compares and analyzes the concepts of "agricultural protection" and "agricultural subsidy", studies the theoretical basis of the legal system of agricultural subsidy, including its origin, development and the legal system of agricultural subsidy under the WTO framework; the third part roughly combs out China's agricultural subsidy legal system. The present situation of the legal system of agricultural subsidy, including legislation and implementation, and points out its defects. On the basis of this study, this paper summarizes the problems and causes of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in China, which are mainly manifested in five aspects: the legal system of agricultural subsidy in China is still imperfect, and the group of legal subjects. The fourth part is mainly to open the horizon and learn from the development experience of the United States, Japan and other developed countries in the legal system of agricultural subsidies; based on the foregoing, the last part is pointedly put forward. The countermeasures and suggestions for perfecting the legal system of agricultural subsidy are to perfect the legal system of agricultural subsidy and gradually perfect the realistic social conditions of agricultural subsidy. Legalization propaganda; Increase the supervision in the direction of agricultural subsidies; Establish the evaluation mechanism of agricultural subsidies.
According to the present situation of the legal system of agricultural subsidy in China, this paper tries to establish a relatively perfect legal system of agricultural subsidy through comparative study and overall analysis of the legal system of agricultural subsidy at home and abroad, so as to contribute to further solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.4

【参考文献】