安达市食品安全监管问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 07:16

【摘要】：食品安全问题是近年来最受关注的民生问题，它不仅直接关系到百姓的身体健康，也是对政府治理能力的重大拷问，影响着社会稳定和经济发展。近年来，由于食品在原料供给、生产环境、制造、检测、仓储、运输及销售过程中存在着很多隐患，加之配套政策不完善、企业社会责任意识差、监管不力等因素，瘦肉精、三聚氰胺、苏丹红、禽流感等食品安全事件频发，使得“食品安全问题成国人最大不安，经常焦虑者超半数”。为保证食品安全，我国先后出台了很多部法律法规，尤其是2009年2月第十一届全国人大常委会第七次会议通过的《食品安全法》，为全面加强食品安全管理、有效保证食品安全提供了切实可行的法律依据。在体系建设上，2010年2月设立的国务院食品安全委员会成为我国食品安全工作的最高议事协调机构，地方各级政府也相应地成立了食品安全委员会。黑龙江省安达市为加强食品安全监管，于2009年末成立食品安全委员会，其职能部门除了包括卫生、质监、食药、工商、农业、畜牧、商务等具体监管部门，还包括公安、财政等保障部门，同时延伸到乡镇政府。虽然食品安全监管体系的整体框架已基本完善，但这种“分段管理为主，品种管理为辅”的监管体制还存在着一些问题和困境，需要进一步探索和完善。本文以黑龙江省县级政府—安达市的食品安全监管为主要研究对象，对2009年以来全市食品安全监管整体的发展和现状进行分析，认为在重视市场机制自身调节作用的同时，加强政府的监管，依靠市场与政府的双重作用来提高食品的质量安全水平是一条必由之路。从国内外较为成熟的实践经验看，，加强法制和机制建设，组建专业性的独立监管机构，完善检测体系和配套环境，依靠市场机制配置资源，实现一体化的食品安全监管，能够有效保障监管效能的发挥，提高食品安全质量。但我们目前还处于食品安全分段监管、综合监管部门缺乏专业性和技术性、过度依赖政府管制实现食品安全质量控制的阶段，因此，探索一条符合安达实际，切实提高食品安全水平的发展道路，已成为当前民生工作的一项重要研究课题。本文主要采用理论分析、案例分析、实地调查、访谈研讨、国内外对比分析、归纳总结等方法，从理论的角度提出了影响食品安全监管效果的关键因素，分析了安达市食品安全监管中存在的主要问题，有针对性地学习借鉴国内外相关的工作经验，从合作与协调的角度提出了相应的建议，即：加强食品安全监管，需要从加强法制建设、改革创新监管模式、强化监管能力和完善社会监管体系等四个方面加以完善和改进。
[Abstract]:Food safety is the most concerned issue of people's livelihood in recent years. It is not only directly related to the health of the people, but also a major torture of the government's governance ability, affecting social stability and economic development. In recent years, due to many hidden dangers in the supply of raw materials, production environment, manufacturing, testing, warehousing, transportation and sales, coupled with imperfect supporting policies, poor awareness of corporate social responsibility and poor supervision, lean meatloin, Melamine, Sudan red, avian flu and other food safety incidents, "food safety problems become the biggest concern for the people, often anxiety more than half." In order to ensure food safety, China has successively issued many laws and regulations, especially the "Food Safety Law" adopted by the Seventh meeting of the Eleventh National people's Congress standing Committee in February 2009, in order to comprehensively strengthen food safety management. Effective guarantee of food safety provides a practical legal basis. In the aspect of system construction, the Food Safety Committee of the State Council established in February 2010 has become the highest deliberative and coordinating organ of food safety work in China, and the local governments at all levels have accordingly set up the Food Safety Committee. In order to strengthen food safety supervision in Anda, Heilongjiang Province, a food safety committee was set up at the end of 2009. Its functional departments include not only health, quality supervision, food and medicine, industry and commerce, agriculture, animal husbandry, commerce and other specific regulatory authorities, but also public security. Finance and other security departments, at the same time extended to township governments. Although the whole framework of food safety supervision system has been basically perfect, but this kind of supervision system of "subsection management is the main, variety management is auxiliary", there are still some problems and difficulties, which need to be further explored and perfected. This article takes the food safety supervision of the county government of Heilongjiang Province-Anda City as the main research object, analyzes the whole development and the present situation of the food safety supervision in the whole city since 2009, and thinks that while attaching importance to the regulating function of the market mechanism itself, It is necessary to strengthen government supervision and improve the quality and safety of food by the dual function of market and government. From the more mature practical experience at home and abroad, we should strengthen the construction of the legal system and mechanism, set up professional independent regulatory bodies, perfect the inspection system and supporting environment, and rely on the market mechanism to allocate resources to realize the integrated food safety supervision. It can effectively guarantee the effectiveness of supervision and improve the quality of food safety. However, we are still in the stage of food safety subsection supervision, the comprehensive regulatory department is lack of professionalism and technology, and we rely too much on government regulation to achieve food safety quality control. Therefore, to explore a food safety quality control is in line with the reality of Anda. How to improve the level of food safety has become an important research topic in the work of people's livelihood. This paper mainly adopts the methods of theoretical analysis, case analysis, field investigation, interview and discussion, comparative analysis at home and abroad, summing up and so on, and puts forward the key factors that affect the effect of food safety supervision from the perspective of theory. This paper analyzes the main problems existing in food safety supervision in Anda city, studies and draws lessons from relevant working experience at home and abroad, and puts forward corresponding suggestions from the angle of cooperation and coordination, that is, strengthening food safety supervision. It is necessary to perfect and improve it from four aspects: strengthening the construction of legal system, reforming and innovating the mode of supervision, strengthening the ability of supervision and perfecting the system of social supervision.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F203;D922.16

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