突发公共卫生事件中的行政补偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 10:47

【摘要】：近年来我国突发公共卫生事件频发，2003年的SARS(非典型性肺炎)疫情爆发，迅速席卷全国，2004年禽流感疫情令人闻之色变，2013年高致病性H7N9禽流感又一次威胁国人的健康。突发公共卫生事件频发，所引发的人身损害和财产损失问题不容忽视。“非典”治疗的过程中，大量的皮质激素被使用，幸存的非典患者出现不同程度的股骨头坏死和肺纤维化，丧生劳动能力，日常生活不得严重依赖持续医疗和药物。十年后当年的非典患者，被冠以新代号非典“后遗症”患者，疾病带来巨大的身体、心理、经济负担。面对禽流感的威胁，人们不得大量宰杀禽类，关闭活禽市场，限制禽类流通，上述行为造成巨大的经济损失。本文以非典后遗症患者和强制扑杀活禽为例，运用文献分析、比较研究、实例研究的方法从我国现行法规定的行政补偿制度入手，在综合考虑我国学者的研究成果和借鉴国外做法经验的基础上提出完善对突发公共卫生事中采取强制措施所造成的人身损害和财产损失行政补偿制度的建议。全文分为三章：第一章介绍德国与日本的损失补偿制度同时对其他国家和地区的经验和做法加以阐述，概括以德国和日本为典范的原因，并对域外做法的先进性进行总结。详细分析我国目前行政补偿立法现状，，并总结我国立法不足。第二章分为两个部分，第一部分是对确立补偿的必要性进行分析，以非典后遗症患者和各地面对禽流感采取的关闭活禽市场、扑杀活禽的所造成的影响为例说明损失补偿的必要性；第二部分是对确立补偿的合理性进行分析，以特别牺牲学说、公平负担学说、结果责任学说与人权保障原则、财产权保障原则、社会主义法治国家的目标为基础阐述损失补偿的合理性。第三章从补偿原则、补偿标准、补偿方式、补偿程序和救济监督程序等方面对我国突发公共卫生事件损失补偿制度的完善提出具体建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, public health emergencies occurred frequently in our country. The outbreak of SARS (atypical pneumonia) in 2003 quickly swept the whole country. In 2004, the avian influenza epidemic changed. In 2013, the highly pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza once again threatened the health of Chinese people. The problems of personal injury and property loss caused by public health emergencies can not be ignored. During the treatment of SARS, a large number of corticosteroids were used. The surviving SARS patients suffered from varying degrees of necrosis of the femoral head and pulmonary fibrosis, lost their labor ability, and did not rely heavily on continuous medical treatment and drugs in their daily lives. Ten years later, SARS patients were named SARS "sequelae" patients, the disease brought a huge physical, psychological, economic burden. Faced with the threat of avian influenza, people must not slaughter poultry in large numbers, close the live poultry market, and restrict the circulation of poultry. Taking SARS sequelae and forced culling and killing of live poultry as examples, the methods of literature analysis, comparative study and case study are presented in this paper from the administrative compensation system stipulated by the current law of our country. On the basis of synthetically considering the research results of Chinese scholars and drawing on the experience of foreign countries, this paper puts forward some suggestions on perfecting the system of administrative compensation for personal injury and property loss caused by compulsory measures taken in public health emergencies. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter introduces the loss compensation system of Germany and Japan and expounds the experiences and practices of other countries and regions, and summarizes the reasons for taking Germany and Japan as the model. And the advanced nature of the extraterritorial approach is summarized. This paper analyzes in detail the current situation of administrative compensation legislation in our country, and summarizes the insufficiency of our legislation. The second chapter is divided into two parts. The first part is to analyze the necessity of establishing compensation, so that the SARS sequelae and the live poultry markets adopted by various localities in the face of avian flu are closed. The second part is to analyze the rationality of establishing compensation, with special sacrifice theory, fair burden theory, result responsibility theory and human rights protection principle. On the basis of the principle of property right guarantee and the goal of socialist country ruled by law, the rationality of compensation for losses is expounded. The third chapter puts forward concrete suggestions on how to perfect the compensation system of public health emergencies in China from the aspects of compensation principle, compensation standard, compensation method, compensation procedure and relief supervision procedure.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.1

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