论单位违法责任的处罚模式及其《行政处罚法》的完善

发布时间：2018-10-05 16:55

【摘要】：我国《行政处罚法》对单位违法如何处罚并未作出规定,各单行法对单位违法行为的责任配置规定存在标准不明、模式混杂的问题,总体来看呈现出以单罚制为原则、双罚制为例外的模式,而从具体行政领域来看,却是三种模式并存,即以代罚制为原则、以双罚为例外的模式;以转嫁罚为原则、以双罚制为例外的模式;以双罚制为原则、以单罚为例外的模式。在综合考察单位违法的双重构造和域外经验后,可以得出一个结论,即我国应该将现有部分行政领域中的以双罚为原则、以单罚为例外单位违法责任配置模式上升为整个单位违法的基本处罚模式,为了实现这一目标,立法论上的策略应该是在《行政处罚法》中引入双罚原则的规定。由此,我们得以重新建构单位违法的处罚原则,但我们也需注意双罚原则引入后可能与《行政处罚法》既有原则与制度的整合问题,唯有如此,双罚原则的引入才能兼具理论合理性与制度建构的可行性。
[Abstract]:The Administrative punishment Law of our country has not stipulated how to punish the unit violating the law. There are some problems such as unclear standard and mixed mode in the allocation of responsibility for the unit illegal act in each single law. Generally speaking, the principle of single penalty system is presented. The double penalty system is the exception mode, but from the concrete administrative field, there exist three models, namely, the substitution penalty system as the principle, the double penalty as the exception mode, the transfer penalty as the principle, the double penalty system as the exception model, the double penalty system as the principle, and the double penalty system as the principle. An exception to a single penalty. After a comprehensive review of the dual structure and extraterritorial experience of unit violations, we can draw a conclusion that China should take the principle of double punishment in the existing part of the administrative field as the principle. Taking single penalty as the exception, the allocation mode of unit liability for violation of law rises to the basic punishment mode of the whole unit violating the law. In order to realize this goal, the strategy of legislation theory should be to introduce the principle of double penalty into the Administrative punishment Law. As a result, we can reconstruct the punishment principle of unit violation, but we also need to pay attention to the possible integration of the principle of double punishment with the existing principles and systems of the Administrative punishment Law after the introduction of the principle. The introduction of double penalty principle has both theoretical rationality and system construction feasibility.
【作者单位】：西南政法大学行政法学院;
【基金】：重庆市科研创新项目“行政处罚中的‘双罚制’问题研究”(YKC201502103)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D922.1

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