食品安全领域内的惩罚性赔偿研究

发布时间：2018-10-29 11:43

【摘要】：2015年10月1日我国新修订的《食品安全法》正式施行。这部经全国人大常务委员会第九次会议、第十二次会议两次审议、三易其稿的法律,被称为“史上最严”的食品安全法。该法第一百四十八条对原有的惩罚性赔偿条款进行了修改,将原来的“价款十倍”改为“价款十倍”或“损失三倍”两种赔偿标准,同时还增加了最低赔偿限额1000元和首付责任制的规定,但是仅除了这些改变之外,未见其他实体或程序上的补充。新《食品安全法》对食品检验、食品监管、法律责任等章节的规定越来越细、越来越严,但现实生活中,食品安全事件还是频频发生,食品安全隐患尚未解决。大量食品安全事件的发生,使得崇尚饮食文化的中国老百姓“想吃却不敢吃”,他们不仅为自己“舌尖上的安全”感到担忧,而且对食品安全环境、政府的行政监管失去信心,所以重视食品安全法中的惩罚性赔偿制度具有现实必要性。本文针对《食品安全法》第一百四十八条之规定,分四个部分对其基本概念、功能、价值、现状、存在的问题和完善建议进行了论述,其中现状部分主要结合司法实例和实践总结展开;存在的问题主要从适用主体、主观过错、惩罚性赔偿金、诉讼程序四个方面着手;建议部分则紧跟问题一一展开论述。这其间不乏作者本人的思考和评述,比如认为:惩罚性赔偿制度不具有补偿性功能、应当区分对待“知假买假”者、应当对“生活消费”的内容进行否定式列举、应当去除“价款”仅保留“损失”这一赔偿标准,当然前提是对“可赔偿损失”的范围进行界定等。属于大陆法系的我国,对惩罚性赔偿制度的接纳和适用一直以来比较审慎,关于惩罚性赔偿制度的规定也相对较少,《食品安全法》中仅此一条。但惩罚性赔偿制度一直以积极的态度逐渐融入我国的法律和文化,未来的惩罚性赔偿制度能够在我国食品安全领域走多远、走多深还是一个未知数,但仍然值得我们的期待。
[Abstract]:The newly revised Food Safety Law of China entered into force on October 1, 2015. The law, which was reviewed twice at the ninth session of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress and the twelfth session of the National people's Congress, has been called the "most stringent food safety law in history." Article 148 of the law amended the original punitive damages clause by changing the original "ten times the price" to "ten times the price" or "tripling the loss". A minimum compensation limit of 1000 yuan and a down payment liability requirement have also been added, but only these changes have not been added to other entities or procedures. The provisions of the new "Food Safety Law" on food inspection, food supervision and legal liability are becoming more and more detailed and strict, but in real life, food safety incidents still occur frequently, and the hidden dangers of food safety have not been solved. The occurrence of a large number of food safety incidents has made the Chinese people who advocate food culture "want to eat but dare not eat." they are not only worried about their "safety on the tip of their tongue," but also lose confidence in the food safety environment and the government's administrative supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to the punitive damages system in food safety law. According to the provisions of Article 148 of the Food Safety Law, this paper discusses its basic concept, function, value, current situation, existing problems and suggestions for improvement in four parts. Among them the present situation part mainly unifies the judicial example and the practice summary unfolds; The existing problems mainly from the application of the subject, subjective fault, punitive damages, litigation procedures from four aspects; For example, the punitive damages system does not have the compensatory function, it should be treated differently to those who know the fake and buy fake, and the content of "living consumption" should be listed negativelyly. The compensation criterion of "loss" should be removed, of course, the scope of "compensable loss" should be defined. China, which belongs to the continental law system, has always been prudent in accepting and applying the punitive damages system, and there are relatively few provisions on the punitive damages system, which is the only article in the Food Safety Law. However, the punitive damages system has been gradually integrated into the law and culture of our country with a positive attitude. The future punitive damages system can go far and deep in the field of food safety in our country, but it is still worth our expectation.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.16

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