征地拆迁中的留地安置法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-11-28 12:10

【摘要】：留地安置作为各级地方政府加速经济社会发展和推进城镇化进程的一项重要创新举措,在“自上而下”的实践中彰显了其优越的制度功能,该制度不仅可以有效提高对失地农民的补偿标准,而且还为失地农民分享经济发展成果提供了有益路径。以杭州市为例,该市留地安置政策的推行成效比较理想,运作机制也比较规范,能够为国家层面推行和完善留地安置模式提供有益参考。但是,由于留地安置制度长期以地方性政府规章为调整依据,缺乏上位法律法规的有效支撑,法律效力相对偏低,导致其难以获得高稳定性和高权威性。加之,留地安置政策与现行法律规定在一定程度上相悖离,制度的合法性受到质疑,这样的法律环境也直接影响着留地安置的推行效果。纵观各级地方政府所推行的留地安置政策,都存在着非普适性和易变性的缺点,不仅在政策制定过程中存在着权利主体虚化、留地性质模糊难定、留地取得方式违法、留地划定比例和取得程序不尽一致的问题;而且在政策执行过程中还存在着留地布局零星分散、规模效应未能凸显、利用方式受到严格限制以及监管机制缺失等一系列问题。因此,有必要对留地安置制度进行法律重构,通过清单列举模式明确公共利益的内涵与外延,引入以市场价值为基础的公平补偿原则,严格将土地征收限定在公共利益范畴内,防止征地活动扩大化。同时,还要加强对留地安置的事前规划,因地制宜安排留地,明确留地性质为国有建设用地,确保失地村集体经济组织享有对安置用地的使用权,失地农民享有对安置用地及落地项目的收益权,同步建立健全留地安置模式下的权利救济机制,从源头上确保失地农民的土地财产权利和发展性利益。
[Abstract]:As an important innovative measure for local governments at all levels to speed up economic and social development and promote the process of urbanization, land resettlement at all levels has demonstrated its superior institutional function in the practice of "top-down". This system not only can effectively improve the compensation standard for land-lost farmers, but also provides a useful way for land-lost farmers to share the fruits of economic development. Taking Hangzhou as an example, the implementation effect of the policy of resettlement for land in Hangzhou is quite ideal, and the operating mechanism is also relatively standardized, which can provide a useful reference for the implementation and improvement of the resettlement mode of land retention at the national level. However, due to the local government rules and regulations as the basis for long-term adjustment of the resettlement system, lack of effective support of the upper laws and regulations, the legal effectiveness is relatively low, resulting in its difficult to obtain high stability and high authority. In addition, the policy of resettlement is contrary to the existing laws and regulations to a certain extent, and the legality of the system is questioned. This kind of legal environment also directly affects the effect of the implementation of resettlement. Throughout the local governments at all levels of the implementation of the resettlement policy, there are non-universal and volatile shortcomings, not only in the process of policy formulation there is a false subject of the right, the nature of the land is vague and difficult to determine, and the way to obtain the land is illegal. The inconsistency between the proportion of land reserved and the procedure for obtaining it; Moreover, there are a series of problems in the process of policy implementation, such as scattered distribution of land, lack of scale effect, strict restriction of utilization mode and lack of supervision mechanism. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the legal system of rehousing land, clarify the connotation and extension of public interest through the list listing model, introduce the fair compensation principle based on market value, and strictly limit land expropriation to the scope of public interest. To prevent the expansion of land requisition activities. At the same time, it is also necessary to strengthen prior planning for the resettlement of the remaining land, to arrange for the retention of land according to local conditions, to define the nature of the land reserved for state-owned construction land, and to ensure that collective economic organizations in the lost villages enjoy the right to use the rehousing land. The land-lost farmers have the right to benefit from the resettlement land and landing projects, and simultaneously establish and improve the relief mechanism of the rights under the mode of land resettlement, so as to ensure the land property rights and developmental interests of the land-lost farmers from the source.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.3

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